水产营养 Aquaculture Nutrition

大口黑鲈对饲料中酵母硒的耐受性研究

展开
  • 1. 大连海洋大学水产与生命学院, 大连 116023;
    2. 中国农业科学院饲料研究所, 国家水产饲料安全评价基地, 北京 100081
李宁(1990-),女,黑龙江绥化人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水产动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:liningmanian1990@163.com

收稿日期: 2016-12-07

  网络出版日期: 2017-06-07

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(31372539,31572631);北京市现代农业产业技术体系(SCGWZJ20171103-1);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2014CB138600);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFF0201800);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费(1610382016010)

Tolerance of Selenium-Yeast in Diets of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Expand
  • 1. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;
    2. National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Station, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received date: 2016-12-07

  Online published: 2017-06-07

摘要

本试验旨在通过研究酵母硒对大口黑鲈生长性能、血浆生化指标、组织抗氧化指标及肝脏组织结构的影响,评价大口黑鲈对饲料中酵母硒的耐受性。在基础饲料中分别添加0(Y0)、0.5(Y0.5)、2.5(Y2.5)、5.0 mg/kg(Y5.0)(以硒计)酵母硒,其中0.5 mg/kg是硒的最高推荐剂量,2.5和5.0 mg/kg分别是最高推荐剂量(0.5 mg/kg)的5和10倍。基础饲料本底硒含量为0.76 mg/kg。选用初始体重为(12.99±0.01) g大口黑鲈,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复20尾,试验期为10周。结果表明:Y0组增重率和摄食率最低,同时其饲料系数也最低,均显著低于其余各组(P<0.05)。Y0组血浆中碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。Y0.5组血浆中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。Y2.5组血浆中尿素氮含量显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。Y2.5组、Y5.0组血浆中免疫球蛋白M含量显著高于Y0组、Y0.5组(P<0.05)。与Y0组相比,酵母硒的添加显著降低了血浆中丙二醛的含量(P<0.05),且显著提高了血浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性(P<0.05)。Y5.0组肝脏硒含量显著高于Y0组、Y0.5组(P<0.05),与Y2.5组无显著差异(P>0.05)。硒日摄入量和肝脏硒含量呈显著线性相关(P<0.05),肝脏硒含量随硒日摄入量的提高呈线性增加。各组大口黑鲈的肝脏都有不同程度的损伤,但添加0.5 mg/kg酵母硒对肝脏损伤有缓减作用。由上述结果可知,饲料中添加0.5 mg/kg酵母硒(总硒含量为1.29 mg/kg)对大口黑鲈具有一定的脂肪代谢促进作用和抗氧化保护功能,且对大口黑鲈是安全的。本试验条件下,综合生长性能、血浆生化指标、组织抗氧化指标及肝脏组织结构,饲料本底硒含量为0.76 mg/kg时,大口黑鲈对饲料中酵母硒的耐受剂量为0.5 mg/kg(以硒计),即为硒的最高推荐剂量,安全系数为1。鱼粉、磷虾粉等动物蛋白质源中含有较高水平的硒元素,因此在高鱼粉水产动物饲料中补充硒要慎重。

本文引用格式

李宁, 郑银桦, 吴秀峰, 王鑫, 薛敏, 吴立新 . 大口黑鲈对饲料中酵母硒的耐受性研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017 , 29(6) : 1949 -1960 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.06.016

Abstract

A 10-week growth trail was conducted to evaluate the tolerance of selenium (Se)-yeast in diets of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) by studying the effects of Se-yeast on growth performance, plasma biochemical indices, tissue antioxidant indices and hepatic histology of largemouth bass. Four experimental diets were prepared with Se-yeast supplemental levels at 0 (Y0), 0.5 (Y0.5), 2.5 (Y2.5) and 5.0 mg/kg (calculated in Se) (Y5.0) based on a basal diet, in which 0.5 mg/kg was designed as the maximum recommended level, and the 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg were 5 and 10 folds of the maximum recommended level, respectively. The background Se content in the basal diet was 0.76 mg/kg. Each diet was fed to 6 replicates with 20 largemouth bass with the initial body weight of (12.99±0.01) g. The results showed as follows:fish in Y0 group showed the lowest weight gain rate, feeding rate and feed conversion ratio, which were significantly lower than those of fish in other groups (P<0.05). Plasma alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity in Y0 group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). The content of plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in Y0.5 group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). The content of plasma urea nitrogen (UN) in Y2.5 group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). Plasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) content in Y2.5 and Y5.0 groups was significantly higher than that in Y0 and Y0.5 groups (P<0.05). Compared with Y0 group, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was significantly increased by Se-yeast supplementation (P<0.05). Liver selenium content in Y5.0 group was significantly higher than that in Y0 and Y0.5 groups (P<0.05), but had no significant difference compared with Y2.5 group (P>0.05). Daily selenium intake had a significant linear correlation with liver selenium content (P<0.05), and the liver selenium content showed a linear increase with the daily selenium intake increasing. Different degrees of liver histological damage were observed in all groups, and fish fed diets with 0.5 mg/kg Se-yeast relieved the symptom. The present study shows that the diet with 0.5 mg/kg Se-yeast (total Se content is 1.29 mg/kg) can enhance the lipid metabolism and antioxidant response of largemouth bass, and it is safe for largemouth bass. Growth performance, plasma biochemical indices, tissue antioxidant indices and hepatic histology are considered synthetically, the tolerance dose of Se-yeast in diet with 0.76 mg/kg background Se for largemouth bass is 0.5 mg/kg (calculated in Se), that is the maximum recommended level of Se, and the safety margin is 1. Animal protein sources such as fish meal and krill meal contain high level of Se element, which need to be cautiously considered when exogenic Se sources are used in high fish meal diets for aquatic animals.

参考文献

[1] YUN B,XUE M,WANG J,et al.Effects of lipid sources and lipid peroxidation on feed intake,growth,and tissue fatty acid compositions of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)[J].Aquaculture International,2013,21(1):97-110.  

[2] ZENG H W,COMBS G F,Jr.Selenium as an anticancer nutrient:roles in cell proliferation and tumor cell invasion[J].The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2008,19(1):1-7.  

[3] KÖHRL J,BRIGELIUS-FLOHÉ R,BÖCK A,et al.Selenium in biology:facts and medical perspectives[J].Biological Chemistry,2000,381(9/10):849-864.

[4] KORHOLA M,VAINIO A,EDELMANN K.Selenium yeast[J].Annals of Clinical Research,1986,18(1):65-68.

[5] BROWN K M,PICKARD K,NICOL F,et al.Effects of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on selenoenzyme activity in blood lymphoctyes,granulocytes,platelets and erythrocytes[J].Clinical Science,2000,98(5):593-599.  

[6] LIN Y H.Effects of dietary organic and inorganic selenium on the growth,selenium concentration and meat quality of juvenile grouper Epinephelus malabaricus[J].Aquaculture,2014,430:114-119.

[7] POSTON H A,COMBS G F,Jr,LEIBOVITZ L.Vitamin E and selenium interrelations in the diet of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar):gross,histological and biochemical deficiency signs[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1976,106(7):892-904.

[8] GATLIN D M Ⅲ,WILSON R P.Dietary selenium requirement of fingerling channel catfish[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1984,114(3):627-633.

[9] GABER M M.Efficiency of selenium ion inclusion into common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) diets[J].African Journal of Agricultural Research,2008,4(4):348-353.

[10] 梁萌青,王家林,常青,等.饲料中硒的添加水平对鲈鱼生长性能及相关酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(6):1017-1022.

[11] 许友卿,李太元,丁兆坤,等.添加酵母硒对鳡鱼消化酶活性与饲料转化率的影响[J].水产科学,2013,32(7):391-395.

[12] BELL J G,PIRIE B J,ADRON J W,et al.Some effects of selenium deficiency on glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) activity and tissue pathology in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1986,55(2):305-311.  

[13] HAMILTON S J,HOLLEY K M,BUHL K J,et al.Toxicity of selenium and other elements in food organisms to razorback sucker larvae[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2002,59(3/4):253-281.

[14] 于利莉,薛敏,王嘉,等.大口黑鲈对饲料中丁基羟基茴香醚的耐受性评价[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):747-758.

[15] 袁瑞敏,刘永坚,王贵平,等.氧化鱼油饲料中添加维生素C对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长及抗氧化能力的影响[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(1):136-144.

[16] 张露露.胆汁酸在大口黑鲈饲料中有效性及耐受性评价[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2015:23-28.

[17] 刘金桃,艾立川,王嘉,等.大口黑鲈对饲料中乙氧基喹啉的耐受性评价[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(4):1152-1162.

[18] 常仁亮,韩保平,顾润润.硒酵母的培养及其养虾效果[J].水产学报,2000,24(5):458-462.

[19] JIA X,LI N,CHEN J.A subchronic toxicity study of elemental Nano-Se in Sprague-Dawley rats[J].Life Sciences,2005,76(17):1989-2003.  

[20] CRESPO A M,NEVE J,PINTO R E.Plasma and liver selenium levels in the rat during supplementation with 0.5,2,6,and 15 ppm selenium in drinking water[J].Biological Trace Element Research,1993,38(2):139-147.  

[21] SILVEIRA-COFFIGNY R,PRIETO-TRUJILLO A,ASCENCIO-VALLE F.Effects of different stressors in haematological variables in cultured Oreochromis aureus S.[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology & Pharmacology,2004,139(4):245-250.  

[22] AHMED A F,CONSTABLE P D,MISK N A.Effect of feeding frequency and route of administration on abomasal luminal pH in dairy calves fed milk replacer[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(6):1502-1508.  

[23] 石桂城,董晓惠,陈刚,等.饲料脂肪水平对吉富罗非鱼生长性能及其在低温应激下血清生化指标和肝脏脂肪酸组成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(11):2154-2164.

[24] HAO X F,LING Q F,HONG F S.Effects of dietary selenium on the pathological changes and oxidative stress in loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus)[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2014,40(5):1313-1323.  

[25] 冯润荷,王鹏华.不同剂量有机硒对大鼠血脂代谢影响的实验研究[J].天津医科大学学报,2009,15(4):729-730.

[26] NYBLOM H,BERGGREN U,BALLDIN J,et al.High AST/ALT ratio may indicate advanced alcoholic liver disease rather than heavy drinking[J].Alcohol and Alcoholism,2004,39(4):336-339.  

[27] CHIANG J Y L.Bile acid metabolism and signaling[J].Comprehensive Physiology,2013,3(3):1191-1212.

[28] ESTENSORO I,CALDUCH-GINER J A,KAUSHIK S,et al.Modulation of the IgM gene expression and IgM immunoreactive cell distribution by the nutritional background in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) challenged with Enteromyxum leei (Myxozoa)[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2012,33(2):401-410.  

[29] ATENCIO L,MORENO I,JOS Á,et al.Effects of dietary selenium on the oxidative stress and pathological changes in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to a microcystin-producing cyanobacterial water bloom[J].Toxicon,2009,53(2):269-282.  

[30] DAVID M,MUNASWAMY V,HALAPPA R,et al.Impact of sodium cyanide on catalase activity in the freshwater exotic carp,Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus)[J].Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,2008,92(1):15-18.  

[31] ZHOU X X,WANG Y B,GU Q,et al.Effects of different dietary selenium sources (selenium nanoparticle and selenomethionine) on growth performance,muscle composition and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity of crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)[J].Aquaculture,2009,291(1/2):78-81.

[32] SURAI P F.Effect of selenium and vitamin E content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the yolk and the developing chick[J].British Poultry Science,2000,41(2):235-243.  

[33] MOORE M A,WANDER R C,XIA Y M,et al.Selenium supplementation of Chinese women with habitually low selenium intake increases plasma selenium,plasma glutathione peroxidase activity,and milk selenium,but not milk glutathione peroxidase activity[J].The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2000,11(6):341-347.  

[34] 李锋,李宣海,程五凤,等.补充VE、Se对大鼠肝纤维化和抗氧化功能影响的研究[J].营养学报,2003,25(1):60-64.

[35] MUÑOZ M,CEDEÑO R,RODRÍGUEZ J,et al.Measurement of reactive oxygen intermediate production in haemocytes of the penaeid shrimp,Penaeus vannamei[J].Aquaculture,2000,191(1/2/3):89-107.

[36] MÉNDEZ-ARMENTA M,NAVA-RUIZ C,FERNÁNDEZ-VALVERDE F,et al.Histochemical changes in muscle of rats exposed subchronically to low doses of heavy metals[J].Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,2011,32(1):107-112.  

[37] 吴锐全,黄樟翰,卢迈新.大口黑鲈营养研究及配合饲料发展前景[J].广东饲料,2004,13(2):38-39.

[38] 徐祥泰,陈乃松,刘子科,等.饲料中不同淀粉源及水平对大口黑鲈肝脏组织学的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(1):61-70.

[39] YUAN Y,CHEN Y J,LIU Y J,et al.Dietary high level of vitamin premix can eliminate oxidized fish oil-induced oxidative damage and loss of reducing capacity in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2014,20(2):109-117.  

[40] 刘金桃.大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)对乙氧基喹啉和特丁基对苯二酚的耐受性研究[D].硕士学位论文.青岛:中国海洋大学,2015:33-39.

[41] 谭肖英,刘永坚,田丽霞,等.饲料中碳水化合物水平对大口黑鲈Micropterus salmoides生长、鱼体营养成分组成的影响[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2005,44(增刊1):258-263.
文章导航

/