&alpha;-酮戊二酸和大蒜素对生长猪生长发育及养分表观消化率的影响

刘少娟, 陈家顺, 康保聚, 蒋谦, 何流琴, 吴飞, 黄牛, 李欢, 印遇龙, 姚康

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.09.022

动物营养学报 >

2017 , Vol. 29 >Issue 9: 3193 - 3201

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.09.022

饲料营养 Feed science and technology

α-酮戊二酸和大蒜素对生长猪生长发育及养分表观消化率的影响

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1. 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所, 中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 湖南省畜禽健康养殖工程技术中心, 农业部中南动物营养与饲料科学观测实验站, 长沙 410125;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
3. 湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院, 长沙 410128

刘少娟(1991-),女,湖南邵阳人,硕士研究生,从事单胃动物营养与饲料研究。E-mail:2431866181@qq.com

收稿日期: 2017-02-16

网络出版日期: 2017-09-08

基金资助

中科院百人计划项目（Y451022111）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（31472107）；湖南省"湖湘青年科技创新人才"项目（2015RS4053）；湖南省"湖南省杰出青年基金"项目（2016JJ1015）；中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室开放基金项目（ISA2016101）

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Effects of Dietary α-Ketoglutarate and Allicin on Growing Development and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility of Growing Pigs

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1. Key Lab Agro-Ecology Processing Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Engineering & Research Center of Healthy Breeding Livestock & Poultry, Scientific Observational and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

Received date: 2017-02-16

Online published: 2017-09-08

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摘要

本试验旨在研究α-酮戊二酸（AKG）和大蒜素对生长猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标以及肠道形态结构的影响。选用40头初始平均体重为（30.64±1.35）kg的健康三元（杜×长×大）杂交生长猪，按体重相近、性别比例相同原则随机分为5组，每组8个重复，每个重复1头猪。5组试验猪分别饲喂无抗基础饲粮（对照组）、无抗基础饲粮+25 mg/kg抗生素（Ⅰ组）、无抗基础饲粮+1% AKG（Ⅱ组）、无抗基础饲粮+0.5%大蒜素（Ⅲ组）、无抗基础饲粮+1% AKG+0.5%大蒜素（Ⅳ组）。预试期7 d，正试期21 d。结果表明：1）与对照组相比，Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组生长猪的平均日增重分别提高了10.80%和9.91%，但差异不显著（P>0.05）。2）与对照组相比，Ⅱ组钙的表观消化率显著提高（P<0.05），Ⅳ组粗蛋白质、钙和磷的表观消化率显著提高（P<0.05），且Ⅳ组较Ⅰ组显著提高了磷的表观消化率（P<0.05）。3）与对照组相比，Ⅱ组血清免疫球蛋白G（IgG）含量显著提高（P<0.05）；Ⅲ组血清甘油三酯（TG）含量显著降低（P<0.05）；Ⅳ组血清总胆固醇（TCHO）和TG含量显著降低（P<0.05），血清碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、谷草转氨酶（AST）和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性及血清免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、IgG含量显著提高（P<0.05）。与Ⅰ组相比，Ⅳ组血清TCHO和TG含量有降低趋势（P>0.05），血清AST和ALT活性显著提高（P<0.05）。4）与对照组相比，Ⅳ组回肠绒毛高度及空肠和回肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著提高（P<0.05）。5）与对照组相比，Ⅳ组回肠中杯状细胞和淋巴细胞数目显著增加（P<0.05）。综上，无抗饲粮中联合添加1% AKG和0.5%大蒜素可通过改善肠道形态结构，提高对粗蛋白质、钙和磷等养分的消化吸收能力，促进肠道健康，进而改善生长猪的生长性能。

关键词： α -酮戊二酸; 生长猪; 大蒜素; 生长性能; 养分表观消化率; 血清生化指标; 肠道形态结构

本文引用格式

刘少娟, 陈家顺, 康保聚, 蒋谦, 何流琴, 吴飞, 黄牛, 李欢, 印遇龙, 姚康 . α-酮戊二酸和大蒜素对生长猪生长发育及养分表观消化率的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017 , 29(9) : 3193 -3201 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.09.022

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary α-ketoglutarate (AKG) and allicin on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and intestinal morphologic structure of growing pigs. Forty healthy crossbred (Duroc×Landrace×Large White) growing pigs with (30.64±1.35) kg were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates per group and 1 pig per replicate by similar body weight and gender ratio. Pigs in control group were fed a basal diet (without antibiotics), while pigs in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with either 25 mg/kg antibiotics (group Ⅰ), or 1.0% AKG (group Ⅱ), or 0.5% allicin (group Ⅲ), or 1.0% AKG combined with 0.5% allicin (group Ⅳ). The experiment lasted for 21 days after 7 days for pre-feeding. The results showed as follows:1) compared with control group, the average daily gain of pigs in groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ was respectively improved by 10.80% and 9.91% without significant difference (P>0.05). 2) Compared with control group, the calcium (Ca) apparent digestibility in group Ⅱ was significantly improved (P<0.05), the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), Ca and phosphorus (P) in group Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with group Ⅰ, the P apparent digestibility in group Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05). 3) Compared with control group, pigs in group Ⅱ had significantly improved serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) content (P<0.05), and the serum triglyceride content in group Ⅲ was significantly decreased (P<0.05); pigs in group Ⅳ had significantly lower serum contents of total cholesterol (TCHO) and TG (P<0.05), but had significantly higher serum activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P<0.05), and significantly higher serum contents of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG (P<0.05). Compared with group Ⅰ, the serum contents of TCHO and TG in group Ⅳ were tend to be decreased (P>0.05), while the serum activities of AST and ALT in group Ⅳ were significantly increased (P<0.05). 4) Compared with control group, the villous height of ileum and the ratio of the villous height to crypt depth of ileum and jejunum in group Ⅳ were significantly improved (P<0.05). 5) Compared with control group, the amounts of goblet cells and lymphocytes in the ileum of group Ⅳ were increased significantly (P<0.05). The results suggest that dietary supplementation with 1.0% AKG and 0.5% allicin can ameliorate intestinal morphologic structure, increase the ability of nutrient digestibility and absorption such as CP, Ca and P, and promote intestinal health, thus improve growth performance of growing pigs.

Key words： α-ketoglutarate; growing pigs; allicin; growth performance; nutrient apparent digestibility; serum biochemical parameters; intestinal morphologic structure

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