低海拔异地育肥牦牛与本地杂交肉牛(秦川&times;西门塔尔)在不同非蛋白氮水平饲粮条件下血液生理生化指标及生长性能的差异

张娇娇, 闫琦, 刘培培, 李珊珊, 王惟惟, 白彦福, 丁路明

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.11.014

动物营养学报 >

2017 , Vol. 29 >Issue 11: 3942 - 3950

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.11.014

反刍动物营养 Ruminant nutrition

低海拔异地育肥牦牛与本地杂交肉牛(秦川×西门塔尔)在不同非蛋白氮水平饲粮条件下血液生理生化指标及生长性能的差异

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1. 兰州大学生命科学学院, 草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室, 兰州 730000;
2. 兰州大学草地农业科技学院, 草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室, 兰州 730000

张娇娇(1992-),女,河南开封人,硕士研究生,研究方向为反刍动物营养。E-mail:zhangjj15@lzu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2017-04-08

网络出版日期: 2017-10-31

基金资助

国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0501805）；青海省重点实验室专项（2013-Z-Y03）；基金委国际合作项目（31661143020）；甘肃省重大科技专项计划项目（1502NKDA005-3）；兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（lzujbky-2016-br01，lzujbky-2016-94，lzujbky-2016-ct11）

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Differences of Blood Physiological and Biochemical Indices and Growth Performance of Local Crossbred Beef Cattle (Qinchuan×Simmental) and Yak Allopatry Fattening at Low Altitude under Different Nonprotein Nitrogen Level Diets

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1. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received date: 2017-04-08

Online published: 2017-10-31

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摘要

为探究异地育肥牦牛模式，本试验对比了低海拔异地育肥耗牛与本地杂交肉牛（秦川×西门塔尔）在同等条件下血液生理生化指标和生长性能的差异。将体重相近的8头1岁本地杂交肉牛（秦川×西门塔尔）和8头4岁青海牦牛各分为2组，每组4头，同一品种的2组试验牛分别饲喂低非蛋白氮饲粮[LNPN，饲粮中缓释尿素添加量为1.0%（干物质基础）]和高非蛋白氮饲粮[HNPN，饲粮中缓释尿素添加量为1.5%（干物质基础）]。预试期10 d，正试期50 d。结果发现：牦牛与肉牛均在LNPN条件下表现出最高的平均日采食量和最小的料重比。饲粮非蛋白氮水平未对牦牛与肉牛的血常规指标造成显著影响（P>0.05），但是牦牛在各饲粮条件下中性粒细胞数目（Gran#）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）、红细胞分布宽度标准差（RDW-SD）、平均血小板体积（MPV）和血小板分布宽度（PDW）显著高于肉牛（P<0.05），而平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）和血小板数目（PLT）显著低于肉牛（P<0.05）。饲粮非蛋白氮水平未对肉牛和牦牛各项血清生化指标产生显著影响（P>0.05）。牦牛在各饲粮条件下血清总蛋白（TP）、尿素氮（UN）、肌酐（GREA）、免疫球蛋白A （IgA）、免疫球蛋白M （IgM）和免疫球蛋白G （IgG）水平均显著高于肉牛（P<0.05）。牦牛在HNPN条件下的血清白蛋白（ALB）水平显著低于LNPN条件下（P<0.05）。本试验结果表明，在肉牛和牦牛育肥饲粮中添加1.0%的缓释尿素替代饲粮蛋白质是可行的；低海拔异地育肥牦牛不会对牦牛健康产生不利影响。

关键词： 非蛋白氮; 肉牛; 牦牛; 血液生理生化指标; 异地育肥; 生长性能

本文引用格式

张娇娇, 闫琦, 刘培培, 李珊珊, 王惟惟, 白彦福, 丁路明 . 低海拔异地育肥牦牛与本地杂交肉牛(秦川×西门塔尔)在不同非蛋白氮水平饲粮条件下血液生理生化指标及生长性能的差异[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017 , 29(11) : 3942 -3950 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.11.014

Abstract

The current experiment was to study the differences of blood physiological and biochemical indices and growth performance of local crossbred beef cattle (Qinchuan×Simmental) and yak allopatry fattening at low altitude under the same condition, in order to explore the allopatry fattening mode. Eight 1-year-old local crossbred beef cattle (Qinchuan×Simmental) and eight 4-year-old Qinghai yak with the similar body weight were divided into 2 groups, respectively, and 4 cows for each group. In the 2 groups of the same breed, cows were fed with low nonprotein nitrogen diet (LNPN, the slow-release urea addition in the diet was 1.0% dry matter) and high nonprotein nitrogen diet (HNPN, the slow-release urea addition in the diet was 1.5% dry matter). The experiment consisted of a 10-d adaption period and a 50-d collection period. The results showed that both yak and beef cattle showed the highest average daily feed intake and the minimum feed to gain ratio under LNPN. Dietary nonprotein nitrogen level had no significant influences on the blood routine indices both for beef cattle and yak (P>0.05). The blood neutrophils number (Gran#), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), red blood cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD), mean platelet volume (MPV)and platelet distribution width (PDW) of yak were significantly higher than those of beef cattle under each diets (P<0.05), while the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelet number (PLT) of yak were significantly lower than those of beef cattle under each diets (P<0.05). Dietary nonprotein nitrogen level did not significantly affect the serum biochemical indices of beef cattle and yak (P>0.05). The serum total protein (TP), urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (GREA), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels of yak were significantly higher than those of beef cattle under each diets (P<0.05). The serum albumin (ALB) level of yak under HNPN were significantly lower than that under LNPN (P<0.05). The results indicate that it is feasible to add 1.0% of slow-release urea in the diet of beef cattle and yak, and allopatry fattening at low altitude has no adversely affect the health of yak.

Key words： nonprotein nitrogen; beef cattle; yak; blood physiological and biochemical indices; allopatry fattening; growth performance

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