水产营养 Aquaculture Nutrition

不同配比的亚麻籽油与大豆油混合油全部替代鱼油对杂交鲟生长的影响

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  • 1. 北京市水产科学研究所, 北京 100068;
    2. 北京京朝花园农业发展中心, 北京 100018
刘彩霞(1989-),女,河北石家庄人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物资源开发与功能食品。E-mail:liucxmm@163.com

收稿日期: 2017-06-02

  网络出版日期: 2017-12-04

基金资助

北京市鲟鱼、鲑鳟创新团队(SCGWZJ20161103-2)

Effects of Total Replacement of Fish Oil by Mixed Oils with Different Ratios of Linseed Oil and Soybean Oil on Growth of Hybrid Sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt♀×A. schrenckii Brandt)

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  • 1. Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing 100068, China;
    2. Beijing Chaoyang Hatchery and Aquaculture Farm, Beijing 100018, China

Received date: 2017-06-02

  Online published: 2017-12-04

摘要

本试验的主要目的是研究用不同配比的亚麻籽油与大豆油混合油全部替代鱼油后对杂交鲟生长性能、肌肉脂肪酸组成及血清肝功能和抗氧化指标的影响。试验共配制4种等氮等脂等能的试验饲料,A组饲料添加8%的鱼油,B、C、D组饲料分别用75%亚麻籽油+25%大豆油的混合油(混合油中亚麻籽油与大豆油的配比为3:1)、50%亚麻籽油+50%大豆油的混合油(混合油中亚麻籽油与大豆油的配比为1:1)以及25%亚麻籽油+75%大豆油的混合油(混合油中亚麻籽油与大豆油的配比为1:3)替代A组饲料中全部鱼油。每种试验饲料投喂3个养殖桶(重复),每个养殖桶放养40尾初始体重为(70.8±0.5)g的杂交鲟,共进行12周的养殖试验。结果表明:B组杂交鲟的末均重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)是4组中最高的,且与A组之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。B组杂交鲟肌肉中粗脂肪含量和肝脏中粗脂肪含量均显著高于A组(P<0.05),而与C、D组差异不显著(P>0.05)。A、B组杂交鲟血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于C、D组(P<0.05);B组杂交鲟血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的含量最高,并显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);血清甘油三酯(TG)含量以B组最低,显著低于C组(P<0.05),但与A、D组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。此外,B组杂交鲟肌肉中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的含量分别为A组对应脂肪酸的65.7%和74.5%,肌肉中EPA和DHA的含量并没有因为混合油替代鱼油而大幅下降。由以上结果得出,以不同配比的亚麻籽油与大豆油的混合油全部替代饲料中的鱼油,当混合油中亚麻籽油与大豆油的配比为3:1(即75%的亚麻籽油+25%的大豆油)时杂交鲟的生长效果较好。

本文引用格式

刘彩霞, 邢薇, 刘洋, 李铁梁, 马志宏, 姜娜, 李文通, 罗琳 . 不同配比的亚麻籽油与大豆油混合油全部替代鱼油对杂交鲟生长的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017 , 29(12) : 4386 -4397 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.12.019

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of total replacement of fish oil by mixed oils with different ratios of linseed oil and soybean oil on growth performance, muscle fatty acid composition and serum liver function and antioxidant indices of hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt♀×A. schrenckii Brandt). Four isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated. The diet of group A included 8% fish oil, in the diets of groups B, C and D, mixed oils were used to totally replace the fish oil of group A's diet, and the ratios of linseed oil and soybean oil in the mixed oils were 3:1 (75% linseed oil+25% soybean oil, group B's diet), 1:1 (50% linseed oil+50% soybean oil, group C's diet) and 1:3 (25% linseed oil+75% soybean oil, group D's diet), respectively. All diets were fed to three replicates of 40 hybrid sturgeon[initial body weight of (70.8±0.5) g] each replicate for 12 weeks. The results showed that fish in group B had the highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR) and specific gain rate (SGR) among all groups, and had significant differences with group A (P<0.05). The content of crude lipid in muscle and liver in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between groups C and D (P>0.05). Fish fed diets of groups A and B had significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) than fish fed diets of groups C and D (P<0.05). The fish in group B had the highest contents of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), which were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05). The fish in group C had the lowest triglyceride (TG) content, which was significantly lower than that in group C (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between groups A and D (P>0.05). Moreover, the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents in muscle in group B were as much as 65.7% and 74.5%, respectively, compared with group A. In other words, the contents of EPA and DHA in muscle had not decreased sharply when mixed oils were used to replace the fish oil. In summary, total replacement of fish oil by mixed oils with different ratios of linseed oil and soybean oil, when the ratio of linseed oil and soybean oil is 3:1 (75% linseed oil+25% soybean oil), the hybrid sturgeon has the better effect of growth.

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