持续偏热环境下饲养密度对肉鸡盲肠菌群多样性、挥发性脂肪酸和血清脑肠肽的影响

常双双, 马贵达, 张敏红, 石玉祥, 冯京海

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.02.021

动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 2: 570 - 577

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.02.021

禽营养 Poultry nutrition

持续偏热环境下饲养密度对肉鸡盲肠菌群多样性、挥发性脂肪酸和血清脑肠肽的影响

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1. 河北工程大学农学院, 邯郸 056021;
2. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193

常双双(1992-),女,河北沧州人,硕士研究生,养殖专业。E-mail:2403486624@qq.com

收稿日期: 2017-08-07

网络出版日期: 2018-02-02

基金资助

国家"十三五"重点研发计划课题"肉禽舒适环境的适宜参数及限值研究"（2016YFD0500509）；动物营养学国家重点实验室自主研究课题"热环境影响肉鸡健康生长的分子机制"（2004DA125184G1609）；河北省自然科学基金资助项目"LPS致热应激肉鸡肠道损伤机制及早期干预研究"（C2015402110）

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Effects of Stocking Density on Diversity of Cecal Microflora, Cecal Volatile Fatty Acids and Serum Brain Gut Peptides of Broilers under Moderate Ambient Temperatures

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1. College of Agriculture Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition;Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2017-08-07

Online published: 2018-02-02

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摘要

本试验旨在研究持续偏热环境下饲养密度对肉鸡盲肠菌群多样性、挥发性脂肪酸和血清脑肠肽的影响。试验采用单因素设计，选取22日龄健康、体重相近的爱拔益加肉鸡144只，随机分成3个组，每组6个重复，每个重复单笼饲养。将3个组的肉鸡转入环境温度为21℃、相对湿度为60%的环境控制舱适应7 d。29日龄时开始正式试验，单个鸡笼饲养面积为0.64 m²，饲养密度分别设置为每笼6只（公母各占1/2，Ⅰ组）、每笼8只（公母各占1/2，Ⅱ组）和每笼10只（公母各占1/2，Ⅲ组），环境温度为31℃，相对湿度为60%，试验条件维持至试验结束，共计14 d。结果表明：1）偏热环境下Ⅱ组肉鸡盲肠菌群丰富度和多样性最高，且Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组间比Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组间盲肠菌群相似性低；2）偏热环境下Ⅱ组饲养密度有利于盲肠普通拟杆菌（Bacteroides vulgatus）的定植；3）偏热环境下饲养密度对肉鸡盲肠挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响无显著差异（P>0.05）；4）试验第7天，偏热环境下Ⅱ组肉鸡血清5-羟色胺（5-HT）含量显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05），而偏热环境下饲养密度对肉鸡血清血管活性肽（VIP）和P物质（SP）含量的影响无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上，偏热环境下饲养密度可改变肉鸡盲肠菌群多样性与结构以及血清脑肠肽5-HT的含量，但不影响盲肠挥发性脂肪酸的含量。

关键词： 偏热环境; 饲养密度; 菌群多样性; 挥发性脂肪酸; 血清脑肠肽; 肉鸡

本文引用格式

常双双, 马贵达, 张敏红, 石玉祥, 冯京海 . 持续偏热环境下饲养密度对肉鸡盲肠菌群多样性、挥发性脂肪酸和血清脑肠肽的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(2) : 570 -577 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.02.021

Abstract

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density on diversity of cecal microflora, cecal volatile fatty acids and serum brain gut peptides of broilers under moderate ambient temperatures. A total of one hundred and forty-four 22-day-old healthy Arbor Acres broilers with similar body weight were randomly divided into three groups, each group contained six cages and each cage as a replicate. The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and broilers were kept at 21℃ temperature and 60% relative humidity. When broilers were 29-day-old, with the area of single chicken cage was 0.64 m², the stocking density was 6 birds each cage (half male and half female, group Ⅰ), 8 birds each cage (half male and half female, group Ⅱ) and 10 birds each cage (half male and half female, group Ⅲ) respectively under 31℃ temperature and 60% relative humidity, and the trial lasted for 14 days. The results showed as follows:1) the richness and diversity of cecal microflora of broilers were the highest in group Ⅱ under the moderate temperature, and the similarity of cecal microflora between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ was lower than that between group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ. 2) The stocking density in group Ⅱ was beneficial to the growth of cecal Bacteroides vulgatus of broilers under the moderate temperature. 3) The influence of stocking density on the volatile fatty acid contents in the cecum of broilers was not significantly different under the moderate temperature (P>0.05). 4) At the 7^th day of the experiment, the serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) of broilers in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ under the moderate temperature (P<0.05). However the influence of stocking density on serum contents of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) of broilers were not significantly different under the moderate temperature (P>0.05). In conclusion, the stocking density can change the diversity and structure of cecal microflora as well as serum 5-HT content, but does not affect the contents of volatile fatty acids in the cecum of broilers.

Key words： moderate temperature; stocking density; microflora diversity; volatile fatty acid; brain gut peptide; broiler

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