北京市周边地区奶牛场玉米青贮饲料瘤胃降解特性对比分析

张婕, 童津津, 杨德莲, 蒋琦晖, 蒋林树, 熊本海

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.02.038

动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 2: 726 - 733

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.02.038

饲料营养 Feed science and technology

北京市周边地区奶牛场玉米青贮饲料瘤胃降解特性对比分析

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1. 北京农学院动物科技学院, 奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室, 北京 102206;
2. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 北京 100193

张婕(1994-),女,北京人,硕士研究生,研究方向为反刍动物营养与免疫。E-mail:l19791031l@163.com

收稿日期: 2017-08-09

网络出版日期: 2018-02-02

基金资助

国家"十三五"重点研发计划（2016YFD0700201，2016YFD0700205）；北京市农业局"北京市现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队"

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Comparative Analysis on Ruminal Degradation Characteristics of Maize Silage Feed in Dairy Farms around Beijing

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1. Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition of Beijing, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
2. Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2017-08-09

Online published: 2018-02-02

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摘要

本研究旨在对北京市周边地区奶牛场的玉米青贮饲料中干物质（DM）和中性洗涤纤维（NDF）的瘤胃降解特性进行对比分析。以3头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物，通过尼龙袋法测定昌平区、延庆区和房山区3个区，每个区3个奶牛场的玉米青贮饲料中DM和NDF的72 h瘤胃降解率及瘤胃降解参数。结果显示：1）房山区奶牛场的玉米青贮饲料中DM含量平均值最高，但NDF和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量的平均值最低，昌平区和延庆区的奶牛场DM含量平均值相近，延庆区奶牛场的ADF含量平均值最高，昌平区奶牛场的NDF含量平均值最高。2）昌平区2号奶牛场玉米青贮饲料的DM有效降解率最高，达到了38.47%；房山区3号奶牛场玉米青贮饲料的DM有效降解率最低，仅为28.91%；二者之间差异显著（P<0.05）。3）NDF的有效瘤胃降解率以延庆区1号奶牛场最高，达到了30.18%，而最低的房山区2号奶牛场只有19.63%，二者之间差异显著（P<0.05）。由此可见，北京市周边地区不同奶牛场的玉米青贮饲料在奶牛瘤胃中的降解特性差异较大，应根据奶牛不同生长发育及泌乳阶段的营养需要，结合实际营养成分，合理配比饲粮。

关键词： 奶牛; 北京市周边地区; 玉米青贮饲料; 瘤胃降解

本文引用格式

张婕, 童津津, 杨德莲, 蒋琦晖, 蒋林树, 熊本海 . 北京市周边地区奶牛场玉米青贮饲料瘤胃降解特性对比分析[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(2) : 726 -733 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.02.038

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the ruminal degradation characteristics of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in maize silage feed in dairy farms around Beijing. Three healthy Holstein dairy cows with permanent rumen fistulas were used as experimental animals. Ruminal degradation rate and characteristics of DM and NDF in 72 h in maize silage feed in 9 dairy farms in Changping, Yanqing and Fangshan (3 farms per district) were determined by nylon bag method. The results showed as follows:1) the average value of DM content in maize silage feed in dairy farms in Fangshan was the highest, but those of NDF and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were the lowest; the average values of DM contents in maize silage feed in dairy farms in Changping and Yanqing was close, that of ADF content in dairy farms in Yanqing was the highest, and that of NDF content in dairy farms in Changping was the highest. 2) Dairy farm No. 2 in Changping had the highest effective degradation rate of DM in maize silage feed, which was 38.47%; dairy farm No. 3 in Fangshan had the lowest effective degradation rate of DM in maize silage feed, which was 28.91%; the difference between these two districts was significant (P<0.05). 3) Dairy farm No. 1 in Yanqing had the highest effective degradation rate of NDF in maize silage feed, which was 30.18%, and dairy farm No. 2 in Fangshan had the lowest value, which was 19.63%; the difference between these two districts was significant (P<0.05). In conclusion, the degradation characteristics of maize silage feed in different dairy farms around Beijing are different; it is required that balanced diets should be formulated based on nutrient requirement of dairy cows at different growth, development and lactation stages, combined with the actual nutrient composition.

Key words： dairy cow; areas around Beijing; maize silage feed; ruminal degradation

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