动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 2: 743 - 754

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.02.040

饲料资源开发 Feed Resources Development

含棕榈仁粕、油茶籽粕或茶籽粕饲粮对断奶犊牛消化代谢及血清生化指标的影响

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  • 1. 中国农业科学院饲料研究所, 农业部饲料生物技术重点实验室, 北京 100081;
    2. 甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院, 兰州 730070;
    3. 河南农业大学牧医工程学院, 郑州 450002
樊庆山(1990-),男,甘肃武威人,硕士研究生,从事遗传育种与繁殖专业研究。E-mail:912017189@qq.com

收稿日期: 2017-08-22

  网络出版日期: 2018-02-02

基金资助

公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费"南方地区幼龄草食畜禽饲养技术研究"（201303143）；河南省科技开放合作项目"肉用犊牛早期断奶能量需要研究及早期断奶犊牛料的开发"（152106000029）

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Effects of Diets Containing Palm Kernel Meal, Oil Tea Seed Meal and Tea Seed Meal on Digestion, Metabolism and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Weaned Calves

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  • 1. Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
    2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
    3. College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China

Received date: 2017-08-22

  Online published: 2018-02-02

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲喂含有棕榈仁粕、油茶籽粕或茶籽粕的饲粮时，断奶夏杂公犊牛生长性能、消化代谢和血清生化指标的差异。选取（46±3）日龄健康、平均体重为（79.5±0.79）kg的断奶夏杂断奶公犊牛48头，随机分为4组，每组12头，分别饲喂4种全混合日粮，A、B、C、D组分别饲喂含豆粕、豆粕+棕榈仁粕、豆粕+油茶籽粕、豆粕+茶籽粕的4种等能等蛋白质全混合日粮，饲粮中棕榈仁粕、油茶籽粕、茶籽粕含量均为5%。试验期104 d，其中预试期14 d，正试期90 d。每日测定采食量，每30 d测量1次犊牛的体重；分别在犊牛90和150日龄时以全收粪尿法进行消化代谢试验，测定营养物质消化代谢率；每30 d颈静脉采血用于测定血清生化指标。结果表明：1）试验全期B组平均日增重和干物质采食量显著高于C、D组（P<0.05），与A组差异不显著（P>0.05）；D组料重比显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）。2）犊牛150日龄时，A、B组的干物质表观消化率显著高于D组（P<0.05）；A组的中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）；A组酸性洗涤纤维显著高于B、D组（P<0.05）；A、B、C组的消化能代谢率显著高于D组（P<0.05）；B组的氮表观消化率、氮沉积率显著高于D组（P<0.05），与A组无显著差异（P>0.05）。3）61~150日龄，B组血清葡萄糖浓度显著高于A和C组（P<0.05），A组血清甘油三酯浓度显著低于D组（P<0.05），C组血清尿素氮浓度显著高于A、B、D组（P<0.05）；90日龄时，B和C组血清总蛋白浓度显著高于A组（P<0.05）；150日龄时，A组血清球蛋白浓度显著高于C组（P<0.05）。综上所述，饲粮中添加5%棕榈仁粕后可以达到与完全豆粕饲养时一样的促进夏杂公犊牛生长的效果，而且此饲粮易消化利用，采食后相关血清生化指标均在正常范围内，并未影响犊牛健康；饲粮添加5%茶籽粕或油茶籽粕降低了犊牛的采食量、消化氮和氮表观消化率，影响了犊牛的生长发育。

关键词： 夏杂犊牛; 棕榈仁粕; 油茶籽粕; 茶籽粕; 血清生化指标; 消化代谢

本文引用格式

樊庆山, 毕研亮, 刁其玉, 成述儒, 付彤, 屠焰 . 含棕榈仁粕、油茶籽粕或茶籽粕饲粮对断奶犊牛消化代谢及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(2) : 743 -754 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.02.040

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diets containing palm kernel meal, oil tea seed meal and tea seed meal on digestion, metabolism and serum biochemical indexes of weaned calves. Forty-eight healthy weaned (46±3)-day-old male calves weighted (79.5±0.79) kg were randomly divided into four groups with twelve calves each. Calves were fed four different total mixed rations, which containing soybean meal (group A), soybean meal+palm kernel meal (group B), soybean meal+oil tea seed meal (group C) and soybean meal+tea seed meal (group D), respectively. The rations were adjusted to equal energy and protein contents. The supplemental levels of palm kernel meal, oil tea seed meal and tea seed meal in diet were 5%. The experiment lasted for 104 d with 14 d of adaptation period and 90 d of formal period. Feed intake was recorded everyday, and body weight of calves was measured every 30 d; digestion and metabolism experiment was carried out to determine nutrient digestibility and metabolic rate at 90 and 150 days of age using total feces collection method, respectively; blood of calves was collected from jugular vein every 30 d to determine serum biochemical indexes. The results showed as follows:1) average daily gain and dry matter intake of the whole period in group B were significantly higher than those in groups C and D (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between groups A and B (P<0.05). Feed/gain in group D was significantly higher than that in the other 3 groups (P<0.05). 2) At 150 days of age, the apparent digestibility of dry matter in groups A and B was significantly higher than that in group D (P<0.05); the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber in group A was significantly higher than that in the other 3 groups (P<0.05); the apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber in group A was significantly higher than that in groups B and D (P<0.05); digestive energy in groups A, B and C was significantly higher than that in group D (P<0.05); the apparent digestibility and deposition rate of nitrogen in group B were significantly higher than those in group D (P<0.05), and had no significant difference with those in group A (P>0.05). 3) At 61 to 150 days of age, serum glucose concentration in group B was significantly higher than that in groups A and C (P<0.05), serum triglyceride concentration in group A was significantly lower than that in group D (P<0.05), and serum urinary nitrogen concentration in group C was significantly higher than that in groups A, B, D (P<0.05); at 90 days of age, serum total protein concentration in groups B and C was significantly higher than that in group A (P<0.05); at 150 days of age, serum globulin concentration in group A was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05). To sum up, when 5% palm kernel meal is added to diet, the growth of Charolais crossbred calves can be the same as those fed full soybean meal diet, the diet is easy to digest and utilize, serum biochemical indexes are in normal range, and of calves' health are not affected; the additions of 5% tea seed meal and oil tea seed meal decrease feed intake, digestive nitrogen, apparent digestibility of nitrogen, and affect growth and development of calves.

Key words： Charolais crossbred calves; palm kernel meal; oil tea seed meal; tea seed meal; serum biochemical index; digestion and metabolism

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