动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 5: 1973 - 1980

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.05.042

饲料资源开发 Feed Resources Development

杏鲍菇菌糠饲料的发酵条件及其对山羊的饲喂效果

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  • 1. 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院, 杨凌 712100;
    2. 陕西国人菌业科技产业园有限公司, 宝鸡 721000
高旭红(1992-),女,宁夏吴忠人,硕士研究生,从事动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:1298920574@qq.com

收稿日期: 2017-10-31

  网络出版日期: 2018-05-06

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0500508）；陕西省重点研发计划项目饲料产业创新链（201TSCXL-NY-04-02）；陕西省农业科技创新转化项目（NYKJ-2016-04）

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Fermentation Condition of Pleurotus eryngii Waste Sticks Feed and Its Feed Effects on Goats

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  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;
    2. Shaanxi Chinese Mushrooms Tech. Industry Garden Co., Ltd., Baoji 721000, China

Received date: 2017-10-31

  Online published: 2018-05-06

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摘要

本试验旨在探究杏鲍菇菌糠与豆粕、麸皮复合发酵基质的适宜发酵条件，并研究其对山羊的饲喂效果。试验1，以杏鲍菇菌糠为主要原料，添加不同比例的麸皮和豆粕（4%和4%、4%和2%、2%和4%、2%和2%），发酵剂使用有效微生物群（EM）原液，将发酵混合原料含水量调节至30%左右，在常温下厌氧发酵12 d后对发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料的发酵品质及营养成分含量进行评定，并测定黄曲霉毒素B1的含量，取最优组合进行饲养试验。试验2，选用60只马头山羊（羯羊），随机分为5组，包括3个试验组和2个对照组，试验组饲粮中发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料比例分别为30%、45%、60%，对照组未发酵杏鲍菇菌糠比例分别为30%和60%，每组3个重复，每个重复4只羊。试验期为45 d，包括5 d预试期和40 d正试期。结果表明：1）豆粕和麸皮添加比例分别为4%和2%的发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料发酵品质最佳，且黄曲霉毒素B1含量较低，与未发酵杏鲍菇菌糠相比，粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量分别降低了8.78%、11.56%和18.88%，粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量分别提高了19.32%和8.29%，黄曲霉毒素B1含量低至3.03 μg/kg。2）各组山羊的生产性能差异均不显著（P>0.05）；随着发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料添加比例的增加，试验羊的体增重及平均日增重有减少的趋势，料重比和饲料成本有增加的趋势；与未发酵杏鲍菇菌糠添加比例为30%时相比，发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料添加比例为30%时体增重、平均日增重及干物质采食量提高，料重比降低。结果提示，使用EM原液发酵杏鲍菇菌糠，在发酵基质中添加4%的豆粕和2%的麸皮有助于提升发酵品质；发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料在山羊饲粮中添加比例以30%为最佳。

关键词： 杏鲍菇菌糠; 发酵饲料; 马头山羊; 生产性能

本文引用格式

高旭红, 窦林敏, 李佳腾, 陈磊, 张恩平 . 杏鲍菇菌糠饲料的发酵条件及其对山羊的饲喂效果[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(5) : 1973 -1980 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.05.042

Abstract

To explore the suitable fermentation conditions for Pleurotus eryngii waste sticks (PEWS) mixed with soybean meal and bran, as well as the effects of fermented PEWS feed on performance of Matou goats. In test 1, PEWS were used as the main raw materials, and different ratios of bran and soybean meal (4% and 4%, 4% and 2%, 2% and 4%, as well as 2% and 2%) were supplemented. The fermentation agent was effective microorganisms (EM) original liquid. The moisture was adjusted to about 30%. After 12 days of anaerobic fermentation at room temperature, fermentation quality, nutritional components and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contents were evaluated. The best combination was selected for feeding test. In test 2, sixty Matou goats (wethers) were randomly divided into 5 groups including 3 experimental groups and 2 control groups. Fermented PEWS feed supplemental ratio in experimental groups were 30%, 45% and 60%, respectively, and unfermented PEWS supplemental ratio in control groups were 30% and 60%, respectively. Each group had three replicates with 4 goats per replicate. The test lasted for 45 d including 5 d of pre-test period and 40 d of test period. The results showed as follows:1) When the supplemental ratios of soybean meal and bran were 4% and 2%, respectively, fermentation quality of fermented PEWS feed was the best, and the content of AFB1 was lower. Compared with unfermented PEWS, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents of fermented PEWS feed were decreased by 8.78%, 11.56% and 18.88%, respectively, crude protein and crude ash contents were increased by 19.32% and 8.29%, respectively, and AFB1 content as low as 3.03 μg/kg. 2) There were no significant differences in performance of goats in different groups (P>0.05). With the increase of fermented PEWS feed supplemental ratio, body weight gain (BWG) and average daily gain (ADG) tended to be decreased, and feed to gain ratio (F/G) and feed cost tended to be increased. Compared with the supplementation of 30% unfermented PEWS, the supplementation of 30% fermented PEWS feed had higher BWG, ADG and dry matter intake, and lower F/G. In conclusion, using EM original liquid to ferment PEWS, the supplementation of 4% soybean meal and 2% bran can help improve fermentation quality; the supplemental ratio of 30% of fermented PEWS feed in diet for Matou goat is the best.

Key words： Pleurotus eryngii waste sticks; fermented feed; Matou goat; performance

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