动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 8: 2960 - 2968

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.08.012

猪营养 Swine Nutrition

妊娠后期能量饲喂水平对母猪繁殖性能和血脂代谢相关指标的影响

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  • 中国农业大学动物科技学院, 北京 100193
江赵宁(1994-),女,安徽池州人,硕士研究生,从事猪营养研究。E-mail:2587135952@qq.com

收稿日期: 2018-02-06

  网络出版日期: 2018-08-18

基金资助

国家重点研发计划课题"猪碳水化合物、蛋白质与能量代谢失衡防控技术研究"（2016YFD0501204）

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Effects of Energy Feeding Level in Late Gestation on Reproductive Performance and Blood Lipid Metabolism Related Indicators of Sows

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  • College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2018-02-06

  Online published: 2018-08-18

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摘要

本试验旨在研究妊娠后期能量饲喂水平对母猪繁殖性能和血脂代谢相关指标的影响。选用长白×大白杂交经产妊娠母猪48头，于妊娠第85天开始按照体重和胎次随机分为低、中等、高和极高4种不同能量饲喂水平组（n=12），4组能量饲喂水平分别为1.12、1.32、1.52和1.72倍维持代谢能需要量（M），并分别命名为1.12M、1.32M、1.52M和1.72M组。试验饲粮为玉米-豆粕型饲粮，代谢能（ME）为13.38 MJ/kg，粗蛋白质（CP）含量为15.09%。中等能量饲喂水平参照NRC（2012）妊娠母猪有效代谢能推荐值，低、高、极高能量饲喂水平在此基础上分别减少15%、增加15%和增加30%。1.12M、1.32M、1.52M和1.72M组母猪的日采食量分别为2.17、2.56、2.94和3.33 kg/d，代谢能摄入量分别为29.10、34.23、39.37、44.50 MJ/d。试验期为23 d。结果显示：随着妊娠后期能量饲喂水平的增加，哺乳母猪的平均日采食量显著下降（P<0.05）。妊娠100 d时，随着能量饲喂水平的增加，母猪血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白浓度线性升高（P<0.05），血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白浓度二次升高（P<0.05）。在妊娠后期，母猪血清总胆固醇浓度随着妊娠时间的延长而显著降低（P<0.05）；血清高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白浓度在妊娠107 d时显著低于妊娠100和85 d时（P<0.05）；血清甘油三酯浓度在妊娠100 d时显著高于妊娠85、107 d时（P<0.05），且妊娠107 d时显著高于妊娠85 d时（P<0.05）。由此可见，妊娠后期增加能量饲喂水平可降低母猪哺乳期的采食量；妊娠后期母猪血脂处于生理较高水平，在此基础上增加能量饲喂水平可进一步引起血清甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白和总胆固醇浓度升高。

关键词： 母猪; 妊娠后期; 能量饲喂水平; 繁殖性能; 血脂代谢相关指标

本文引用格式

江赵宁, 王文惠, 吴飞, 刘虎, 王振宇, 王春林, 曾祥芳, 王凤来 . 妊娠后期能量饲喂水平对母猪繁殖性能和血脂代谢相关指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(8) : 2960 -2968 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.08.012

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of energy feeding level in late gestation on reproductive performance and blood lipid metabolism related indicators of sows. At d 85 of gestation, a total of 48 multiparous Large White×Danish Landrace crossbred sows were randomly divided into 4 group (n=12) with low (L), medium (M), high (H) and extreme high (EH) energy feeding levels according to body weight and parity. The energy feeding levels for the 4 groups were 1.12, 1.32, 1.52 and 1.72 times of maintenance metabolic energy requirement (M) and they were named as 1.12M, 1.32M, 1.52M and 1.72M groups, respectively. All sows were fed corn-soybean meal type diet[metabolic energy (ME) was 13.38 MJ/kg, and crude protein (CP) content was 15.09%]. The medium energy feeding level referred to NRC (2012) effective metabolic energy recommendation of pregnant sows. The low, high and extreme high energy feeding levels were decreased by 15%, and increased by 15% and 30% on the basis of medium energy feeding level, respectively. The daily feed intake of sows in 1.12M, 1.32M, 1.52M and 1.72M groups were 2.17, 2.56, 2.94 and 3.32 kg/d, and metabolic energy intake of sows were 29.10, 34.23, 39.37 and 44.50 MJ/d, respectively. The trial period was 23 days. The results showed that the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of lactating sows was significantly decreased with the increase of energy feeding level (P<0.05). At 100 days of gestation, serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein concentrations were linearly increased with the increase of energy feeding level (P<0.05), and serum triglycerides and high density lipoprotein concentrations were quadratically increased with the increase of energy feeding level (P<0.05). In late gestation period, serum total cholesterol concentration of sows was significantly decreased with the extension of gestation time (P<0.05), serum high-density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein concentrations were significantly lower at 107 days of gestation than that at 100 and 85 days of gestation (P<0.05), serum triglyceride concentration was significantly higher at 100 days of gestation than that at 85 and 107 days of gestation (P<0.05), and it was significantly higher at 107 days of gestation than that at 85 days of gestation (P<0.05). These findings suggest that increasing energy feeding level during late gestation reduces feed intake of sows during lactation. Blood lipid concentration is at a physiologically high level during late gestation. On this basis, increasing energy feeding level can further increase the concentrations of serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol.

Key words： sows; late gestation; energy feeding level; reproductive performance; blood lipid metabolism related indicators

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