不同类型维生素D3对奶牛产奶性能、血液指标及钙磷代谢的影响

卢娜, 宗学醒, 王雅晶, 邵伟, 余雄, 李胜利

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.08.016

动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 8: 2997 - 3004

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.08.016

反刍动物营养 Ruminant nutrition

不同类型维生素D₃对奶牛产奶性能、血液指标及钙磷代谢的影响

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1. 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
2. 中国农业大学动物科技学院, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京市生鲜乳质量安全工程技术研究中心, 北京 100193;
3. 内蒙古蒙牛乳业(集团)股份有限公司, 呼和浩特 011500

卢娜(1983-),女,河北石家庄人,博士研究生,研究方向为反刍动物营养。E-mail:36486407@qq.com

收稿日期: 2018-01-26

网络出版日期: 2018-08-18

基金资助

现代农业（奶牛）产业技术体系建设专项资金（CARS-36）

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Effects of Different Types of Vitamin D₃ on Milk Production, Blood Indices, Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism of Dairy Cows

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1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2. Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
3. Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy(Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot 011500, China

Received date: 2018-01-26

Online published: 2018-08-18

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摘要

本试验旨在研究不同类型维生素D₃（维生素D₃和25羟基D₃）对荷斯坦泌乳奶牛产奶性能、血液指标及钙磷代谢的影响。选取产奶量、胎次、乳成分和泌乳天数相近的健康荷斯坦泌乳奶牛45头，随机分为3组，每组15个重复，每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验Ⅰ组在基础饲粮中添加25 000 IU/（头·d）的维生素D₃，试验Ⅱ组在基础饲粮中添加60 mg/（头·d）的25羟基D₃。预试期10 d，正试期60 d。结果表明：1）试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的乳蛋白、乳钙和乳锌含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05），试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组乳体细胞数显著低于对照组（P<0.05），各组之间干物质采食量、产奶量和其他乳成分含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组血液骨钙素含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05），血液骨吸收标志物含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；各组之间血液甲状旁腺激素、钙、磷和镁含量及碱性磷酸酶活性无显著差异（P>0.05）。3）试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组乳钙排出量显著高于对照组（P<0.05），粪钙排出量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的钙、磷沉积量和表观消化率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。综上所述，饲粮中添加维生素D₃和25羟基D₃可显著提高奶牛钙、磷表观消化率和沉积量，显著提高乳蛋白、乳钙和乳锌含量，显著降低乳体细胞数，改善乳品质，从而提高奶牛生产性能。

关键词： 维生素D₃; 25羟基D₃; 泌乳奶牛; 钙磷代谢

本文引用格式

卢娜, 宗学醒, 王雅晶, 邵伟, 余雄, 李胜利 . 不同类型维生素D₃对奶牛产奶性能、血液指标及钙磷代谢的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(8) : 2997 -3004 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.08.016

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of vitamin D₃[vitamin D₃ and 25-(OH) D₃] on milk production, blood indices, calcium and phosphorus metabolism of lactating Holstein dairy cows. Forty-five healthy lactating Holstein dairy cows with similar milk yield, parity, milk composition and lactation days were randomly assigned into 3 groups with 15 replicates per group and 1 cow per replicate. Cows in the control group were fed a basal diet, cows in the trial group Ⅰ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 25 000 IU/(head·d) vitamin D₃, and cows in the trial group Ⅱ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 60 mg/(head·d) 25-(OH) D₃. The pre-experimental period lasted for 10 days, and the experimental period lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows:1) the contents of milk protein, milk calcium and milk zinc of trial groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05), the milk somatic cell count (SCC) of trial groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05), there were no significant differences on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield and other milk composition contents among 3 groups (P>0.05). 2) The blood osteocalcin content of trial groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05), while the blood bio-marker of bone resorption content of trial groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05); there were no significant differences on the contents of parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium and activity of alkaline phosphatase in blood among 3 groups (P>0.05). 3) The milk calcium output of trial groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05), while the feces calcium output was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05), the deposition and apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus of trial groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary vitamin D₃ and 25-(OH) D₃ can significantly improve the deposition and apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus, and significantly improve the contents of milk protein, milk calcium and milk zinc, meanwhile significantly reduce SCC, improve the milk quality, thus improve the production performance of dairy cows.

Key words： vitamin D₃; 25-(OH) D₃; lactating dairy cows; calcium and phosphorus metabolism

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