动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 8: 3107 - 3115

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.08.028

特种经济动物营养 Special economic animal nutrition

低蛋白质饲粮中苏氨酸水平对越冬前期梅花鹿仔鹿生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响

展开
  • 中国农业科学院特产研究所, 特种经济动物分子生物学国家重点实验室, 长春 130112
李仁德(1991-),男,河南商丘人,硕士研究生,从事特种经济动物营养与饲养研究。E-mail:1432846608@qq.com

收稿日期: 2018-01-24

  网络出版日期: 2018-08-18

基金资助

科技攻关计划（20140203018NY，20170204041NY）；长春市"双十工程"（15SS08）

收起

Effects of Threonine Level in a Low Protein Diet on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Early Wintering Sika Deer

Expand
  • State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Animal And Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China

Received date: 2018-01-24

  Online published: 2018-08-18

Fold

摘要

本试验旨在研究低蛋白质饲粮中苏氨酸水平对越冬前期梅花鹿仔鹿生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响。选择20只健康、6月龄雄性梅花鹿，随机分为4组，每组5只。4组梅花鹿限量饲喂4种不同饲粮，通过补充过瘤胃赖氨酸、过瘤胃蛋氨酸和过瘤胃苏氨酸，使各组饲粮赖氨酸、蛋氨酸水平相同，均分别为0.63%、0.18%，苏氨酸水平分别为0.55%（Ⅰ组）、0.47%（Ⅱ组）、0.53%（Ⅲ组）、0.58%（Ⅳ组）。此外，Ⅰ组（对照组）饲粮为蛋白质水平为15.15%的高蛋白质饲粮，试验组（Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组）饲粮为蛋白质水平为13.46%的低蛋白质饲粮。预试期为15 d，正试期45 d。结果显示：1）对照组和Ⅱ组末重显著高于Ⅳ组（P<0.05）；Ⅳ组平均日增重（ADG）极显著低于其他组（P<0.01）；Ⅳ组料重比（F/G）极显著高于其他组（P<0.01），Ⅱ组极显著低于对照组和Ⅲ组（P<0.01）。2）Ⅳ组粗脂肪消化率极显著低于Ⅱ组（P<0.01）、显著低于Ⅲ组（P<0.05）；对照组中性洗涤纤维（NDF）消化率显著低于Ⅱ组（P<0.05）；对照组能量消化率极显著低于Ⅱ组（P<0.01）；Ⅱ组钙消化率极显著高于其他组（P<0.01），Ⅳ组极显著低于对照组和Ⅲ组（P<0.01）；Ⅱ组磷消化率极显著高于Ⅳ组（P<0.01）、显著高于对照组和Ⅲ组（P<0.05）。3）Ⅱ组蛋氨酸和苏氨酸消化率极显著高于对照组和Ⅳ组（P<0.01）、显著高于Ⅲ组（P<0.05）；Ⅱ组天冬氨酸消化率显著高于其他组（P<0.05）；对照组丝氨酸消化率极显著低于其他组（P<0.01）；对照组谷氨酸消化率极显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组（P<0.01）；对照组酪氨酸消化率显著低于Ⅱ组（P<0.05）；对照组脯氨酸消化率极显著低于Ⅱ组（P<0.01）、显著低于Ⅲ组（P<0.05）。由此得出，在饲粮赖氨酸、蛋氨酸水平相同的条件下，饲喂蛋白质水平为13.46%、苏氨酸水平为0.47%的低蛋白质饲粮的梅花鹿仔鹿的生长性能、营养物质消化率与饲喂蛋白质水平为15.15%、苏氨酸水平为0.55%的高蛋白质饲粮的梅花鹿仔鹿相当。

关键词： 梅花鹿仔鹿; 苏氨酸; 生长性能; 营养物质消化率; 低蛋白质饲粮

本文引用格式

李仁德, 张铁涛, 崔学哲, 司华哲, 孙伟丽, 张婷, 李光玉, 王凯英 . 低蛋白质饲粮中苏氨酸水平对越冬前期梅花鹿仔鹿生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(8) : 3107 -3115 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.08.028

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of threonine (Thr) level in a low protein diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of early wintering sika deer. Twenty healthy 6-month-old male sika deer were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 deer per group. Infant deer in 4 groups restricted feeding 4 different diets with the same lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met) levels which were 0.63% and 0.18%, respectively, through supplemented rumen-protected lysine (RPL), rumen-protected methionine (RPM) and rumen-protected threonine (RPT). The Thr level in 4 diets was 0.54% (group Ⅰ), 0.46% (group Ⅱ), 0.59% (group Ⅲ) and 0.72% (group Ⅳ), respectively. Infant deer in group Ⅰ (control group) were fed a high protein diet with 15.46% protein, and infant deer in test groups (groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ) were fed a low protein diet with 13.46% protein. The pretrial period was 15 days, and the formal period was 45 days. The results showed as follows:1) the final body weight of control group and group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅳ (P<0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) of group Ⅳ was extremely significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.01). The feed/gain (F/G) of group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.01), and it on group Ⅱ was extremely significantly lower than that of control group and group Ⅲ (P<0.01). 2) The ether extract (EE) digestibility of group Ⅳ was extremely significantly lower than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.01), which was significantly lower than group Ⅲ (P<0.05). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility of control group was significantly lower than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.05). The energy digestibility of control group was extremely significantly lower than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.01). The calcium (Ca) digestibility of group Ⅱ was extremely significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.01), and it in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly lower than that in control group and group Ⅲ (P<0.01). The phosphorus (P)digestibility of group Ⅱ was extremely significantly higher than that of group Ⅳ (P<0.01), which was significantly higher than that in control group and group Ⅲ (P<0.05). 3)The digestibility of Met and Thr of group Ⅱ was extremely significantly lower than that of control group and group Ⅳ (P<0.01), which was significantly higher than that of group Ⅲ (P<0.05). The digestibility of aspartic acid (Asp) of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). The digestibility of serine (Ser) of control group was extremely significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.01). The digestibility of glutamic acid (Glu) of control group was extremely significantly higher than that of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.01). The digestibility of tyrosine (Tyr) of control group was significantly lower than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.05). The digestibility of proline (Pro) of control group was extremely significantly lower than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.01), which was significantly lower than that of group Ⅲ (P<0.05). It can be seen that under the same dietary Lys and Met levels, the growth performance, nutrient digestibility of sika deer fed the low protein diet with 0.47% Thr and 13.56% protein can be comparable to those fed the high protein diet with 0.55% Thr and 15.15% protein.

Key words： sika deer; threonine; growth performance; nutrient digestibility; low protein diet

参考文献

[1] KAMRAN Z,SARWAR M,NISA M U,et al.Effect of low levels of dietary crude protein with constant metabolizable energy on nitrogen excretion,litter composition and blood parameters of broilers[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Biology,2010,12:401-405.

[2] LEE C,HRISTOV A N,HEYLER K S,et al.Effects of dietary protein concentration and coconut oil supplementation on nitrogen utilization and production in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(11):5544-5557.  

[3] WHELAN S J,MULLIGAN F J,FLYNN B.Effect of forage source and a supplementary methionine hydroxy analog on nitrogen balance in lactating dairy cows offered a low crude protein diet[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(10):5080-5089.  

[4] DINN N E,SHELFORD J A,FISHER L J,et al.Use of the Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system and rumen-protected lysine and methionine to reduce nitrogen excretion from lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1998,81(1):229-237.  

[5] LORDELO M M,GASPAR A M,LE BELLEGO L L,et al.Isoleucine and valine supplementation of a low-protein corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diet for piglets:growth performance and nitrogen balance[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(11):2936-2941.  

[6] 李雪玲,张乃锋,马涛,等.开食料中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸对断奶羔羊生长性能、氮利用率和血清指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2017,48(4):678-689.

[7] HILL T M,BATEMAN Ⅱ H G,ALDRICH J M,et al.Optimal concentrations of lysine,methionine,and threonine in milk replacersfor calves less than five weeks of age[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(6):2433-2442.  

[8] BARTLETT K S,MC-KEITH F K,VANDE-HAAR M J,et al.Growth and body composition of dairy calves fed milk replacers containing different amounts of protein at two feeding rates[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(6):1454-1467.  

[9] 毕晔,辛海瑞,潘晓花,等.饲粮苏氨酸水平对北京雏鸭生长性能、胴体品质、免疫机能和血清激素的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(6):1913-1920.

[10] DANIELS K M,HILL S R,KNOWLTON K F,et al.Effects of milk replacer composition on selected blood metabolites and hormones in preweaned Holstein heifers[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(7):2628-2640.  

[11] 王建红,刁其玉,许先查,等.日粮Lys、Met和Thr添加模式对0-2月龄犊牛生长性能、消化代谢与血清学生化指标的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2011,44(9):1898-1907.

[12] 刁其玉,张蓉.我国幼龄反刍动物生长与消化生理发育特点[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(7):4-8.

[13] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.

[14] 王钰明,赵峰,陈寿飞,等.猪生长阶段与饲粮类型对酸不溶灰分法测定养分消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,7(3):811-819.

[15] 莫放.养牛生产学[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2010:175-177.

[16] 杨玉芬,乔建国,陈娥英.生长猪不同低蛋白日粮添加赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸的效果研究[C].福建省畜牧兽医学会2005年学术年会.福州:福建省畜牧兽医学会2005:764-768.

[17] 殷溪瀚.过瘤胃赖氨酸、蛋氨酸对荷斯坦奶公牛生长性能和胴体品质影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2015.

[18] 杨魁.过瘤胃蛋氨酸和过瘤胃赖氨酸在生长育肥牛中的应用研究[D].硕士学位论文.重庆:西南大学,2014.

[19] 云强,刁其玉,屠焰,等.日粮中赖氨酸和蛋氨酸比对断奶犊牛生长性能和消化代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(1):133-142.

[20] SOCHA M T,PUTNAM D E,GARTHWAITE B D,et al.Improving intestinal amino acid supply of pre-and postpartum dairy cows with rumen-protected methionine and lysine[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(3):1113-1126.  

[21] BRODERICK G A,STEVENSON M J,PATTON R A,et al.Effect of supplementing rumen-protected methionine on production and nitrogen excretion in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(3):1092-1102.  

[22] KIDD M T,ZUMWALT C D,CHAMBLEE D W,et al.Broiler growth and carcass responses to diets containing L-threonine versus diets containing threonine from intact protein sources[J].Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2002,11(1):83-89.  

[23] 张艳蕾.日粮苏氨酸水平对生长肉兔生长发育、免疫性能、血液生化指标以及蛋白质代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2011.

[24] 曲正祥.日粮苏氨酸缺乏、过量对肉鸡生产性能及生理代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.

[25] 唐茂妍,陈旭东,梁富广,等.生长猪低蛋白质日粮可消化赖氨酸、蛋氨酸+胱氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸平衡模式的研究[J].动物营养学报,2008,20(4):397-403.

[26] CHEE S H,IJI P A,CHOCT M,et al.Functional interactions of manno-oligosaccharides with dietary threonine in chicken gastrointestinal tract.Ⅰ.Growth performance and mucin dynamics[J].British Poultry Science,2010,51(5):658-666.  

[27] MAROUFYAN E,KASIM A,HASHEMI S R,et al.The effect of methionine and threonine supplementations on immune responses of broiler chickens challenged with infectious bursal disease[J].American Journal of Applied Sciences,2010,7(1):44-20.  

[28] HABTE-TSION H M,GE X P,LIU B,et al.A deficiency or an excess of dietary threonine level affects weight gain,enzyme activity,immune response and immune-related gene expression in juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2015,42(2):439-446.  

[29] 刘大森,李彦芳,张美美.维持泌乳期奶牛日粮氨基酸平衡的重要性及途径[J].饲料工业,2016,37(18):1-4.

[30] 张卫兵,刁其玉,张乃锋,等.日粮蛋白能量比对8-10月龄后备奶牛生长性能和养分消化的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(12):2541-2547.

[31] SKLAN D,PLAVNIK I.Interactions between dietary crude protein and essential amino acid intake on performance in broilers[J].British Poultry Science,2002,43(3):442-449.  

[32] ROBBINS K R.Threonine requirement of the broiler chick as affected by protein level and source[J].Poultry Science,1987,66(9):1531-1534.  

[33] 王欣,李光玉,崔学哲,等.雄性梅花鹿仔鹿越冬期配合日粮适宜蛋白质水平的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(1):23-26.

[34] WESTERMEIER C,PAULICKS B R,KIRCHGESSNER M.Feed intake and body weights of suckling sows and piglets in dependence of dietary threonine supplementation.1.Contribution about the threonine requirement of suckling sows[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,1998,79(1):33-45.

[35] 董志岩,刘景,方桂友,等.日粮蛋白质、赖氨酸水平对生长猪生产性能及蛋白质、氨基酸消化率的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2011,32(2):69-74.

[36] 邹思湘.动物生物化学[M].4版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2005:211-217.

[37] 陈傲东,陈红莉,孔平,等.氨基酸平衡日粮对奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(10):2650-2657.

[38] 周彦文.合浦鹅赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸适宜需要量的研究[D].硕士学位论文.南宁:广西大学,2008.

[39] 王红梅.0-6周龄肉仔鸡苏氨酸需要量的研究[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2005.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2