动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 8: 3229 - 3238

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.08.042

饲料营养 Feed science and technology

不同厌氧碱化处理对鲜麦秸营养成分、超微结构和体外发酵参数的影响

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  • 1. 青岛农业大学动物科技学院, 青岛 266109;
    2. 青岛市畜牧兽医研究所, 青岛 266000
刘培剑(1990-),男,山东安丘人,硕士研究生,研究方向为反刍动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:634588407@qq.com

收稿日期: 2018-01-05

  网络出版日期: 2018-08-18

基金资助

山东省现代农业产业技术体系羊产业创新团队（SDAIT-10-04）

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Effects of Different Anaerobic Alkalization Treatments on Nutrients, Ultrastructure and in Vitro Fermentation Parameters of Fresh Wheat Straw

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  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
    2. Institute of Husbandry and Veterinary, Qingdao 266000, China

Received date: 2018-01-05

  Online published: 2018-08-18

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摘要

本试验旨在研究不同厌氧碱化处理对鲜麦秸营养成分、超微结构和体外发酵参数的影响。将鲜麦秸分别用干物质重量的2.5%碳酸氢钠（碳酸氢钠组）、4%尿素（尿素组）、2.5%碳酸氢钠+4%尿素（复合组）厌氧处理40 d，分析其营养成分和扫描电镜下超微结构的变化；以3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康崂山奶山羊为瘤胃液供体，通过体外产气技术进行48 h体外发酵试验，测定处理后麦秸的体外降解率、产气量及发酵参数。结果表明：1）复合组粗蛋白质（CP）含量极显著高于碳酸氢钠组和尿素组（P<0.01），尿素组极显著高于碳酸氢钠组（P<0.01）；复合组中性洗涤纤维（NDF）含量显著低于碳酸氢钠组（P<0.05），与尿素组差异不显著（P>0.05）；复合组半纤维素（HCEL）含量极显著低于碳酸氢钠组（P<0.01），与尿素组差异不显著（P>0.05）；3个组之间酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量差异不显著（P>0.05）。2）扫描电镜下，不同厌氧碱化处理对麦秸结构的破坏程度表现为复合组 > 尿素组 > 碳酸氢钠组，碱液对麦秸组织的侵蚀力度表现为厚壁细胞 > 薄壁细胞 > 维管束。3）复合组干物质降解率（DMD）极显著高于碳酸氢钠组（P<0.01），复合组中性洗涤纤维降解率（NDFD）、酸性洗涤纤维降解率（ADFD）均显著高于碳酸氢钠组（P<0.05）；复合组DMD、NDFD、ADFD均高于尿素组，但差异不显著（P>0.05）。复合组48 h体外产气量及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）的产量均显著或极显著高于碳酸氢钠组（P<0.05或P<0.01）；复合组乙酸产量显著高于尿素组（P<0.05），氨态氮产量显著低于碳酸氢钠组和尿素组（P<0.05）；3个组之间pH、乙酸/丙酸均差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上所述，2.5%碳酸氢钠+4%尿素复合厌氧处理效果优于碳酸氢钠、尿素单独处理，增加了麦秸CP含量，降低了NDF、HCEL的含量，提高了秸秆体外降解率、产气量、VFA产量，可作为改善低质粗饲料饲用价值的方法加以推广利用。

关键词： 厌氧碱化处理; 鲜麦秸; 营养成分; 超微结构; 体外产气; 降解率

本文引用格式

刘培剑, 曹玉芳, 朱风华, 葛蔚, 程明, 林英庭 . 不同厌氧碱化处理对鲜麦秸营养成分、超微结构和体外发酵参数的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(8) : 3229 -3238 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.08.042

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different anaerobic alkalization treatments on nutrients, ultrastructure and in vitro fermentation parameters of fresh wheat straw. The fresh wheat straw was anaerobic treated with 2.5% sodium bicarbonate (sodium bicarbonate group), 4% urea (urea group) and both of the 2.5% sodium bicarbonate and 4% urea (compound group) basis on dry matter weight, respectively, the processing time was 40 days. All samples were subjected to analysis of the nutrition composition and the changes of the ultrastructure under the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three male Laoshan dairy goats with permanent rumen fistula were used as the donor of rumen fluid, and the in vitro degradation rate, gas production and fermentation parameters after 48 h incubation were determined using in vitro gas production method. The results showed as follows:1) the content of crude protein (CP) in compound group was significantly higher than that in sodium bicarbonate group and urea group (P<0.01), and the content of CP in urea group was significantly higher than that in sodium bicarbonate group (P<0.01). The content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in compound group was significantly lower than that in sodium bicarbonate group (P<0.05), and was not significantly different from that in urea group (P>0.05). The content of hemicellulose (HCEL) in compound group was significantly lower than that in sodium bicarbonate group (P<0.01), and was not significantly different from that in urea group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the content of acid detergent fiber (ADF) among 3 groups (P>0.05). 2) Under the SEM, the structure of different anaerobic alkalization treatment of wheat straw were damaged, the degree of damage showed that compound group > urea group > sodium bicarbonate group, the erosion degree of alkali liquor showed that:sclerenchymatous cells > parenchymatous cells > vascular bundle. 3) The dry matter degradation rate (DMD) in compound group was significantly higher than that in sodium bicarbonate group (P<0.01), the neutral detergent fiber degradation rate (NDFD) and acid detergent fiber degradation rate (ADFD) in compound group were significantly higher than those in sodium bicarbonate group (P<0.05), the DMD, NDFD and ADFD in compound group were higher than those in urea group, but had no significant difference (P>0.05). The 48 h in vitro gas production and contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) in compound group were significantly higher than those in sodium bicarbonate group (P<0.01 or P<0.05), the content of acetic acid in compound group was significantly higher than that in urea group (P<0.05), the content of ammonia nitrogen in compound group was significantly lower than that in sodium bicarbonate and urea group (P<0.05), there were no significant differences in pH, acetic/propionic among three groups (P>0.05). It is concluded that the effect of compound anaerobic treated wheat straw with 2.5% sodium bicarbonate and 4% urea is superior to sodium bicarbonate and urea single treatment, increase the CP content of wheat straw, reduce NDF, HCEL contents and improve the in vitro degradation rate, gas production and VFA content, so it can be used as an effective method to improve the value of low-quality roughage.

Key words： anaerobic alkalization treatment; fresh wheat straw; nutrients; ultrastructure; in vitro gas production; degradation rate

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