不同品种奶牛产奶量、乳成分、血清生化指标与乳钙含量的相关性研究

卢娜, 刘高飞, 王雅晶, 邵伟, 余雄, 李胜利

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.08.050

动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 8: 3302 - 3310

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.08.050

研究简报 Short communications

不同品种奶牛产奶量、乳成分、血清生化指标与乳钙含量的相关性研究

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1. 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
2. 中国农业大学动物科技学院, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京市生鲜乳质量安全工程技术研究中心, 北京 100193;
3. 内蒙古蒙牛乳业(集团) 股份有限公司, 呼和浩特 011500

卢娜(1983-),女,河北石家庄人,博士研究生,研究方向为反刍动物营养。E-mail:36486407@qq.com

收稿日期: 2018-01-26

网络出版日期: 2018-08-18

基金资助

2017年农产品质量安全监管（畜牧）项目（131721301092361005）

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Study on Correlations between Milk Yield, Milk Composition and Serum Biochemical Indices with Milk Calcium Content of Different Dairy Cow Breeds

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1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2. Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
3. Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy(Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot 011500, China

Received date: 2018-01-26

Online published: 2018-08-18

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摘要

本试验通过检测不同品种奶牛的产奶量、乳成分和血清生化指标，研究这三者与乳钙含量的相关性，为获取高钙奶源提供理论依据。从饲养娟姗牛、西门塔尔牛、西门塔尔牛与荷斯坦杂交牛（西荷F₁牛）和荷斯坦牛的4个牧场中分别选取50头泌乳天数为100~150 d、胎次1~3胎、健康无疾病的奶牛，于气温（14±4）℃的某日采集样品。记录当日3次产奶量，采集当日早、中、晚3次奶样，再随机挑选30头牛，采集早、中、晚3次血液样品。即每个品种奶牛采集150个奶样，检测乳成分；采集90个血样，检测生化指标。并对不同品种奶牛乳钙含量与产奶量、乳成分和血清生化指标的相关性进行分析。结果表明：1）荷斯坦牛的产奶量显著高于其他品种奶牛（P<0.05），娟姗牛的乳蛋白率显著高于其他品种奶牛（P<0.05），娟姗牛和西门塔尔牛的乳脂率及乳钙、乳磷、乳锌含量显著高于西荷F₁牛和荷斯坦牛（P<0.05），西荷F₁牛和荷斯坦牛的乳糖率显著高于娟姗牛（P<0.05），娟姗牛的乳镁含量显著高于西门塔尔牛和西荷F₁牛（P<0.05）。2）娟姗牛和西门塔尔牛的血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性显著高于西荷F₁牛和荷斯坦牛（P<0.05），西荷F₁牛的血清钙和磷含量显著高于其他3个品种奶牛（P<0.05），娟姗牛和荷斯坦牛的血清磷含量显著高于西门塔尔牛（P<0.05），西荷F₁牛和荷斯坦牛的血清维生素D含量显著高于娟姗牛和西门塔尔牛（P<0.05）。3）4个品种奶牛的乳钙含量与乳蛋白率及乳锌、乳磷含量均呈显著或极显著正相关（P<0.05或P<0.01），乳钙含量与产奶量、乳脂率、乳糖率以及血清ALP活性和甲状旁腺激素（PTH）、维生素D、钙、磷、镁含量均无显著相关性（P>0.05）。综上所述，品种对于乳钙含量的影响较大，娟姗牛和西门塔尔牛乳钙含量较高，荷斯坦奶牛的乳钙含量最低但产奶量最高。乳钙含量与乳蛋白率和乳锌、乳磷含量呈正相关，与血清ALP活性和PTH、维生素D、钙、磷、镁含量无相关性。

关键词： 奶牛; 品种; 乳成分; 乳钙; 相关性

本文引用格式

卢娜, 刘高飞, 王雅晶, 邵伟, 余雄, 李胜利 . 不同品种奶牛产奶量、乳成分、血清生化指标与乳钙含量的相关性研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(8) : 3302 -3310 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.08.050

Abstract

This study was conducted to test the milk yield, milk composition and serum biochemical indices of different dairy cow breeds, and to research the correlations between them with milk calcium content, to provide the theoretical basis for acquisition of high calcium milk sources. There were 4 different breeds of healthy dairy cows with the condition of 100 to 150 lactation days and parity 1 to 3, which were from 4 farms including Jersey, Simmental, Simmental×Holstein (S×H F₁) and Holstein as the experimental subjects, and collected the samples at a certain date when the temperature was (14±4)℃. Milk yield was recorded 3 times a day, milk samples were collected from all cows 3 times a day in the morning, noon and night. Then serum samples were collected from 30 cows randomly selected from the above 50 cows in each farm, 3 times a day in the morning, noon and night. Thereby we got 150 milk samples for testing milk components and 90 serum samples for testing the serum biochemical indices from each breed of dairy cow. The correlation of milk calcium content with milk yield, milk composition and serum biochemical indices were analyzed. The results showed as follows:1) the milk yield of Holstein cows was significant higher than that of other breed cows (P<0.05), the milk protein rate of Jersey cows was significant higher than that of other breed cows (P<0.05), the milk fat rate and contents of calcium, phosphorus and zinc in milk of Jersey and Simmental cows were significant higher those of S×H F₁ and Holstein cows (P<0.05), the milk lactose content of S×H F₁ and Holstein cows was significant higher than that of Jersey cows (P<0.05), the milk magnesium content of Jersey cows was significant higher than that of S×H F₁ and Simmental cows (P<0.05). 2) The serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of Jersey and Simmental cows was significant higher than that of S×H F₁ and Holstein cows (P<0.05), the contents of calcium and phosphorus in serum of S×H F₁ cows were significant higher those of other breed cows (P<0.05), the serum phosphorus content of Jersey and Holstein cows was significant higher than that of Simmental cows (P<0.05), the serum vitamin D content of S×H F₁ and Holstein cows was significant higher than that of Jersey and Simmental cows (P<0.05). 3) The milk calcium content was significantly positively correlated with milk protein rate and contents of zinc and phosphorus in milk of the 4 dairy cow breeds (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while there was no correlation between milk calcium content with other indices including milk yield, milk fat rate, milk lactose rate and ALP activity and parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium contents in serum (P>0.05). In conclusion, breeds has great influence on milk calcium content, the milk calcium content of Jersey and Simmental cows is relatively higher whereas the Holstein cows has the lowest milk calcium content and the highest milk yield. Milk calcium content is positively correlated with milk protein rate and contents of zinc and phosphorus, and has no correlation with the ALP activity and PTH, vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium contents in serum.

Key words： dairy cows; breed; milk composition; milk calcium; correlation

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