动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 9: 3444 - 3452

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.09.013

综述 Review

体况评分在奶牛生产中的研究进展

展开
  • 东北农业大学动物科学技术学院, 哈尔滨 150030
王玉洁(1995-),女,山东诸城人,硕士研究生,研究方向为反刍动物营养。E-mail:985649719@qq.com

收稿日期: 2018-03-02

  网络出版日期: 2018-09-20

基金资助

国家奶牛产业技术体系（CARS-36）

收起

Research Progress of Body Condition Score in Dairy Cow Production

Expand
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China

Received date: 2018-03-02

  Online published: 2018-09-20

Fold

摘要

奶牛体况评分（BCS）是反映奶牛能量蓄积程度、营养状况和营养管理水平的实用工具。目前，国内外奶牛生产现场以触摸和目测的人工方法测量BCS，这些方法主观性强，虽然最新的研究利用折叠量角器可以有效测量BCS，但总体上，仍然具有稳定性和准确性差的缺点。现在，最新研究由超声波成像技术和图像信息系统替代人工方法。超声波测定显示，BCS每增加1分，奶牛尻部厚度就会增加10 mm；而图像信息系统在奶牛BCS方面有较好的应用，不同相机类型可以满足多种生产需求，可见光相机以分析动物轮廓为主要依据，热成像相机通过接收和测量物体表面的红外辐射作为BCS的判断依据，而深度相机可以提取奶牛背部更多细节信息从而提高准确率。在奶牛生产中，应该更加关注奶牛泌乳后期及干奶期的BCS，该时期的BCS过高会增加疾病和繁殖障碍的风险，BCS过低则会使奶牛泌乳初期处于能量负平衡状态。因此，合理的方法加上科学的管理，可以使BCS成为奶牛生产中不可缺少的实用工具。

关键词： 体况评分; 奶牛; 图像信息技术; 生产应用

本文引用格式

王玉洁, 霍鹏举, 孙雨坤, 张永根 . 体况评分在奶牛生产中的研究进展[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(9) : 3444 -3452 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.09.013

Abstract

Body condition score (BCS) is a practical tool to monitor energy accumulation, nutritional status and nutritional management level of dairy cows. At present, BCS is measured by artificial methods of touch and visual observation in domestic and foreign, which have strong subjectivity. In the latest studies, the folding ruler is used to effectively measure BCS, while, in general, the artificial methods still have the disadvantage of poor stability and accuracy. Now, the latest researches reported that artificial methods could be replaced of by reflectorscope and image information system. The results of reflectorscope showed that for each score increase of BCS, gluteal thickness of dairy cows would increase by 10 mm. Image information system has good application in BCS for dairy cows, and different camera types can meet various production needs. Visible light camera is mainly based on the analysis of animal profile; thermal imaging camera uses receiving and measuring infrared radiation on the surface of objects as the BCS judgment basis; depth camera can extract more details about the back of dairy cows to improve accuracy. In dairy cow production, more attention should be paid to BCS of cows during late lactation and dry-milk periods, excessive BCS during the periods can increase the risk of disease and reproductive disorders, and low BCS results in a negative energy balance in the early stage of lactation. Therefore, reasonable method and scientific management can make BCS become an indispensable practical tool in dairy cow production.

Key words： body condition score; dairy cow; image information technology; production and application

参考文献

[1] BERRY D P,BUCKLEY F,DILLON P,et al.Genetic relationships among body condition score,body weight,milk yield,and fertility in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(6):2193-2204.  

[2] 朱莹琳,常瑶,李源韬,等.体况评分与步态评分对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(1):125-131.

[3] MORIN P A,CHORFI Y,DUBUC J,et al.Short communication:an observational study investigating inter-observer agreement for variation over time of body condition score in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(4):3086-3090.  

[4] ROCHE J R,FRIGGENS N C,KAY J K,et al.Invited review:body condition score and its association with dairy cow productivity,health,and welfare[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(12):5769-5801.  

[5] 何东健,刘冬,赵凯旋.精准畜牧业中动物信息智能感知与行为检测研究进展[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):231-244.

[6] HUSSEIN H A,WESTPHAL A,STAUFENBIEL R.Relationship between body condition score and ultrasound measurement of backfat thickness in multiparous Holstein dairy cows at different production phases[J].Australian Veterinary Journal,2013,91(5):185-189.  

[7] STENGÄRDE L,TRÅVÉN M,EMANUELSON U,et al.Metabolic profiles in five high-producing Swedish dairy herds with a history of abomasal displacement and ketosis[J].Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica,2008,50(1):31.

[8] LASSEN J,HANSEN M,SØRENSEN M K,et al.Genetic analysis of body condition score in first-parity Danish Holstein cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(12):4123-4128.  

[9] VASSEUR E,GIBBONS J,RUSHEN J,et al.Development and implementation of a training program to ensure high repeatability of body condition scoring of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(7):4725-4737.  

[10] PFEIFER L F M,CASTRO N A,NEVES P M A,et al.Development and validation of an objective method for the assessment of body condition scores and selection of beef cows for timed artificial insemination[J].Livestock Science,2017,197:82-87.

[11] PRYCE J E,WALES W J,DE HAAS Y,et al.Genomic selection for feed efficiency in dairy cattle[J].Animal,2014,8(1):1-10.  

[12] SCHRÖDER U J,STAUFENBIEL R.Invited review:methods to determine body fat reserves in the dairy cow with special regard to ultrasonographic measurement of backfat thickness[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(1):1-14.  

[13] FISCHER A,LUGINBVHL T,DELATTRE L,et al.Rear shape in 3 dimensions summarized by principal component analysis is a good predictor of body condition score in Holstein dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(7):4465-4476.  

[14] BERCOVICH A,EDAN Y,ALCHANATIS V,et al.Development of an automatic cow body condition scoring using body shape signature and Fourier descriptors[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(12):8047-8059.  

[15] WEBER A,SALAU J,HAAS J H,et al.Estimation of backfat thickness using extracted traits from an automatic 3D optical system in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows[J].Livestock Science,2014,165:129-137.

[16] FERGUSON J D,AZZARO G,LICITRA G.Body condition assessment using digital images[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(10):3833-3841.  

[17] AZZARO G,CACCAMO M,FERGUSON J D,et al.Objective estimation of body condition score by modeling cow body shape from digital images[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(4):2126-2137.  

[18] JAMES C A,RICHARDSON A J,WATT P W,et al.Reliability and validity of skin temperature measurement by telemetry thermistors and a thermal camera during exercise in the heat[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2014,45:141-149.

[19] MATZNER S,CULLINAN V I,DUBERSTEIN C A.Two-dimensional thermal video analysis of offshore bird and bat flight[J].Ecological Informatics,2015,30:20-28.

[20] SHEEHY M R,FAHEY A G,AUNGIER S P M,et al.A comparison of serum metabolic and production profiles of dairy cows that maintained or lost body condition 15 days before calving[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(1):536-547.  

[21] VÁZQUEZ-ARELLANO M,GRIEPENTROG H W,DAVID R,et al.3-D imaging systems for agricultural applications-a review[J].Sensors,2016,16(5):618.

[22] NASIRAHMADI A,EDWARDS S A,STURM B.Implementation of machine vision for detecting behaviour of cattle and pigs[J].Livestock Science,2017,202:25-38.

[23] GILLUND P,REKSEN O,GRÖHN Y T,et al.Body condition related to ketosis and reproductive performance in Norwegian dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84(6):1390-1396.  

[24] SPOLIANSKY R,EDAN Y,PARMET Y,et al.Development of automatic body condition scoring using a low-cost 3-dimensional Kinect camera[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(9):7714-7725.  

[25] DALE A J,PURCELL P J,WYLIE A R G,et al.Effects of dry period length and concentrate protein content in late lactation on body condition score change and subsequent lactation performance of thin high genetic merit dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(3):1795-1811.  

[26] VRIES M J D,VEERKAMP R F.Energy balance of dairy cattle in relation to milk production variables and fertility[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83(1):62-69.  

[27] RATHBUN F M,PRALLE R S,BERTICS S J,et al.Relationships between body condition score change,prior mid-lactation phenotypic residual feed intake,and hyperketonemia onset in transition dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(5):3685-3696.  

[28] 李吉楠,孙鹏,覃春富,等.体况评分在奶牛饲养管理上应用的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(10):115-119.

[29] AL IBRAHIM R M,KELLY A K,O'GRADY L,et al.The effect of body condition score at calving and supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on milk production,metabolic status,and rumen fermentation of dairy cows in early lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(11):5318-5328.  

[30] DUFFIELD T F,SANDALS D,LESLIE K E,et al.Efficacy of monensin for the prevention of subclinical ketosis in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1998,81(11):2866-2873.  

[31] BARLETTA R V,FILHO M M,CARVALHO P D,et al.Association of changes among body condition score during the transition period with NEFA and BHBA concentrations,milk production,fertility,and health of Holstein cows[J].Theriogenology,2017,104:30-36.

[32] DE KOSTER J,URH C,HOSTENS M,et al.Relationship between serum adiponectin concentration,body condition score,and peripheral tissue insulin response of dairy cows during the dry period[J].Domestic Animal Endocrinology,2017,59:100-104.

[33] PÉREZ-HERNÁNDEZ P,GARCÍA-WINDER M,GALLEGOS-SÁNCHEZ J.Postpartum anoestrus is reduced by increasing the within-day milking to suckling interval in dual purpose cows[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2002,73(3/4):159-168.

[34] 朱小瑞,邢世宇,张成龙,等.中国荷斯坦奶牛体况评分对繁殖性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2015,36(8):45-49.

[35] BUTLER W R.Energy balance relationships with follicular development,ovulation and fertility in postpartum dairy cows[J].Livestock Production Science,2003,83(2/3):211-218.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2