[1] FULLER R.Probiotics in man and animals[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,1989,66(5):365-378.
[2] 李军训,罗学刚,高洁,等.益生菌的分类、生理功能与有效性评价研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2010,12(6):49-55.
[3] PIRARAT N,PINPIMAI K,RODKHUM C,et al.Viability and morphological evaluation of alginate-encapsulated
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG under simulated tilapia gastrointestinal conditions and its effect on growth performance,intestinal morphology and protection against
Streptococcus agalactiae[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2015,207:93-103.
[4] 孙建然,惠灿灿,邓大同,等.肠道菌群与2型糖尿病及益生菌关系的研究进展[J].安徽医药,2016,20(4):631-634.
[5] LIU H Y,ROOS S,JONSSON H,et al.Effects of
Lactobacillus johnsonii and
Lactobacillus reuteri on gut barrier function and heat shock proteins in intestinal porcine epithelial cells[J].Physiological Reports,2015,3(4):12355.
[6] WU Y P,ZHU C,CHEN Z,et al.Protective effects of
Lactobacillus plantarum on epithelial barrier disruption caused by enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli in intestinal porcine epithelial cells[J].Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,2016,172:55-63.
[7] 王晓平.酶与消化吸收[J].玉林师专学报,1997,18(3):78-81.
[8] SOMMER F,BÄCKHED F.Know your neighbor:microbiota and host epithelial cells interact locally to control intestinal function and physiology[J].Bioessays,2016,38(5):455-464.

[9] ARUMUGAM M,RAES J,PELLETIER E,et al.Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome[J].Nature,2011,473(7346):174-180.

[10] 行浩.饲粮中添加益生菌对蛋鸡早期生长、养分利用及肠道菌群的影响[D].硕士学位论文.扬州:扬州大学,2016.
[11] BEILHARZ J E,KAAKOUSH N O,MANIAM J,et al.Cafeteria diet and probiotic therapy:cross talk among memory,neuroplasticity,serotonin receptors and gut microbiota in the rat[J].Molecular Psychiatry,2018,23(2):351-361.

[12] WANG J H,ZHAO L Q,LIU J F,et al.Effect of potential probiotic
Rhodotorula benthica D30 on the growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immunity in juvenile sea cucumber
Apostichopus japonicus[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2015,43(2):330-336.

[13] 段颖,赵玉鑫,潘翠玲,等.富硒益生菌对蛋鸡抗氧化能力和肠道菌群及消化酶活性的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2010,33(2):68-72.
[14] 黄其永.德氏乳杆菌对哺乳仔猪消化器官及消化酶活性的影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.长沙湖南农业大学,2013.
[15] ALBERSEN M,BOSMA M,KNOERS N V V A,et al.The intestine plays a substantial role in human vitamin B
6 metabolism:a Caco-2 cell model[J].PLoS One,2013,8(1):e54113.
[16] AWAD W A,GHAREEB K,PABLACK N,et al.Dietary inulin alters the intestinal absorptive and barrier function of piglet intestine after weaning[J].Research in Veterinary Science,2013,95(1):249-254.

[17] 许梓荣,李卫芬,孙建义.猪胃肠道黏膜二糖酶的性质[J].动物学报,2002,48(2):202-207.
[18] 窦茂鑫.不同类型益生菌制剂对脂多糖刺激仔猪肠道吸收和屏障功能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.武汉:武汉轻工大学,2013.
[19] DUBEY V,GHOSH A R,BISHAYEE K,et al.Probiotic
Pediococcus pentosaceus strain GS4 alleviates azoxymethane-induced toxicity in mice[J].Nutrition Research,2015,35(10):921-929.

[20] BARRENETXE J,ARANGUREN P,SANTIDRIAN S,et al.Effects of
Lactobacillus casei and
Bifidobacterium bifidum on intestinal enzymatic activity and sugar uptake[J].The FASEB Journal,2006,20(5):A1018-A1018.
[21] 细田四郎,穆文广.脂肪的消化和吸收[J].日本医学介绍,1989(9):388-389.
[22] UEDA T,TATEGAKI A,HAMADA K,et al.Effects of
Pediococcus acidilactici R037 on serum triglyceride levels in mice and rats after oral administration[J].Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology,2018,64(1):41-47.

[23] WANG H S,NI X Q,QING X D,et al.Live probiotic
Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 promotes growth performance and lowers fat deposition by improving lipid metabolism,intestinal development,and gut microflora in broilers[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2017,8:1073.
[24] ESTAKI M,DECOFFE D,GIBSON D L.Interplay between intestinal alkaline phosphatase,diet,gut microbes and immunity[J].World Journal of Gastroenterology,2014,20(42):15650-15656.

[25] 李鹏鹏.γ-谷氨酰胺转移酶与血压正常不稳定型心绞痛血管病变的互联研究[D].硕士学位论文.长春:吉林大学,2013.
[26] FERNANDEZ A M F,SOUZA F A,SQUASSONI G H,et al.Replacement of antibiotic growth promoter by probiotic in the diet increases intestinal peptide transporter RNA expression in broilers[C]//Plant & Animal Genome ⅩⅫ Conference.San Diego:Plant and Animal Genome,2014.
[27] RAJPUT I R,LI Y L,XU X,et al.Supplementary effects of
Saccharomyces boulardii and
Bacillus subtilis B10 on digestive enzyme activities,antioxidation capacity and blood homeostasis in broiler[J].International Journal of Agriculture & Biology,2013,15(2):231-237.
[28] 周玲,王晓清,刘臻,等.营养素转运载体的研究进展[J].饲料研究,2013(4):18-23.
[29] FASELEH J M,WESAM A Y,SHOKRYAZDAN P,et al.Dietary supplementation of a mixture of
Lactobacillus strains enhances performance of broiler chickens raised under heat stress conditions[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2016,60(7):1099-1110.

[30] 吴云鹏.植物乳杆菌调节猪肠上皮细胞屏障功能和转运载体的研究[D].博士学位论文.广州:华南农业大学,2016.
[31] BERNSTEIN H,HOLUBEC H,WARNEKE J A,et al.Patchy field defects of apoptosis resistance and dedifferentiation in flat mucosa of colon resections from colon cancer patients[J].Annals of Surgical Oncology,2002,9(5):505-517.

[32] SHAH K A,SHUREY S,GREEN C J.Apoptosis after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury:a morphological study[J].Transplantation,1997,64(10):1393-1397.

[33] 高权新.丁酸梭菌与肠道上皮细胞互作的分子机制的研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[34] CUI Y J,LIU L,DOU X X,et al.
Lactobacillus reuteri ZJ617 maintains intestinal integrity via regulating tight junction,autophagy and apoptosis in mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide[J].Oncotarget,2017,8(44):77489-77499.
[35] CHEN Z Y,HSIEH Y M,HUANG C C,et al.Inhibitory effects of probiotic
Lactobacillus on the growth of human colonic carcinoma cell line HT-29[J].Molecules,2017,22(1):107.
[36] SOLTAN D M M,MOJARRAD M,BAGHBANI F,et al.Effects of probiotic
Lactobacillus acidophilus and
Lactobacillus casei on colorectal tumor cells activity (Caco-2)[J].Archives of Iranian Medicine,2015,18(3):167-172.
[37] ULLUWISHEWA D,ANDERSON R C,MCNABB W C,et al.Regulation of tight junction permeability by intestinal bacteria and dietary components[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2011,141(5):769-776.

[38] RAJPUT I R,LI L Y,XIN X,et al.Effect of
Saccharomyces boulardii and
Bacillus subtilis B10 on intestinal ultrastructure modulation and mucosal immunity development mechanism in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(4):956-965.

[39] EUN C S,KIM Y S,HAN D S,et al.
Lactobacillus casei prevents impaired barrier function in intestinal epithelial cells[J].Apmis,2011,119(1):49-56.

[40] ENDO H,NⅡOKA M,KOBAYASHI N,et al.Butyrate-producing probiotics reduce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression in rats:new insight into the probiotics for the gut-liver axis[J].PLoS One,2013,8(5):e63388.
[41] SONG J,XIAO K,KE Y L,et al.Effect of a probiotic mixture on intestinal microflora,morphology,and barrier integrity of broilers subjected to heat stress[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(3):581-588.

[42] CAO G T,ZENG X F,CHEN A G,et al.Effects of a probiotic,
Enterococcus faecium,on growth performance,intestinal morphology,immune response,and cecal microflora in broiler chickens challenged with
Escherichia coli K88[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(11):2949-2955.

[43] TSIRTSIKOS P,FEGEROS K,BALASKAS C,et al.Dietary probiotic inclusion level modulates intestinal mucin composition and mucosal morphology in broilers[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(8):1860-1868.

[44] LUK G D,BAYLESS T M,BAYLIN S B.Plasma postheparin diamine oxidase.Sensitive provocative test for quantitating length of acute intestinal mucosal injury in the rat[J].Journal of Clinical Investigation,1983,71(5):1308-1315.

[45] SALEHIMANESH A,MOHAMMADI M,ROOSTAEI-ALI MEHR M.Effect of dietary probiotic,prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation on performance,immune responses,intestinal morphology and bacterial populations in broilers[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2016,100(4):694-700.

[46] ABUDABOS A M,ALYEMNI A H,AL MARSHAD B A.
Bacillus subtilis PB6 based-probiotic (CloSTAT) improves intestinal morphological and microbiological status of broiler chickens under clostridium perfringens challenge[J].International Journal of Agriculture & Biology,2013,15(5):978-982.
[47] 黄岩,李建,王学习,等.饲料中不同蛋白质和淀粉水平对斜带石斑鱼生长性能和肝脏相关代谢酶活性的影响[J].水产学报,2017,41(5):746-756.
[48] 张相鑫,陈澄,唐志如,等.饲粮粗蛋白质水平对断奶仔猪肝脏氨基酸代谢酶活性及转运载体mRNA表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(4):1431-1439.
[49] HIJMANS B S,GREFHORST A,OOSTERVEER M H,et al.Zonation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the liver:mechanism and metabolic consequences[J].Biochimie,2014,96:121-129.
[50] 罗建杰.日粮添加不同益生菌对肉仔鸡益生作用分子机制研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[51] YOO S R,KIM Y J,PARK D Y,et al.Probiotics
L. plantarum and
L. curvatus in combination alter hepatic lipid metabolism and suppress diet-induced obesity[J].Obesity,2013,21(12):2571-2578.

[52] KANG J H,YUN S I,PARK M H,et al.Anti-obesity effect of
Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 in high-sucrose diet-induced obese mice[J].PLoS One,2013,8(1):e54617.
[53] RITZE Y,BÁRDOS G,CLAUS A,et al.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice[J].PLoS One,2014,9(1):e80169.
[54] EVERARD A,BELZER C,GEURTS L,et al.Cross-talk between
Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2013,110(22):9066-9071.

[55] 游玉明.花椒麻味物质对大鼠糖脂代谢的影响及其分子机制的研究[D].博士学位论文.重庆:西南大学,2016.
[56] 毛贵林.乳酸杆菌对仔鸡营养物质代谢与肌肉成分的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南昌:江西农业大学,2016.
[57] 奚雨萌,吴凡,杨榛,等.益生菌及有机酸复合制剂对青脚麻鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及消化代谢的影响[J].中国家禽,2014,36(24):30-37.
[58] 陈丽艳.乳酸杆菌制剂对肉仔鸡脂肪和蛋白质代谢的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2007(1):47-48.
[59] 崔艳红,韩庆功,崔艺佳,等.益生菌复合发酵料对断奶仔猪消化环境、血清生化指标和代谢激素水平的影响[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(1):16-23.
[60] 张勇.益生菌
Lactobacillus casei Zhang对大鼠糖耐量受损改善作用和Ⅱ型糖尿病预防作用[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2013.
[61] SOHAIL M U,RAHMAN Z U,IJAZ A,et al.Single or combined effects of mannan-oligosaccharides and probiotic supplements on the total oxidants,total antioxidants,enzymatic antioxidants,liver enzymes,and serum trace minerals in cyclic heat-stressed broilers[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(11):2573-2577.

[62] MCNULTY N P,YATSUNENKO T,HSIAO A,et al.The impact of a consortium of fermented milk strains on the gut microbiome of gnotobiotic mice and monozygotic twins[J].Science Translational Medicine,2011,3(106):106ra106.
[63] VEIGA P,PONS N,AGRAWAL A,et al.Changes of the human gut microbiome induced by a fermented milk product[J].Scientific Reports,2014,4:6328.