低温环境对肉鸡生长性能、体温及行为的影响

王雪洁, 张敏红, 冯京海, 厉秀梅, 周莹, 邢爽, 马丹丹

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.10.015

动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 10: 3914 - 3922

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.10.015

禽营养 Poultry nutrition

低温环境对肉鸡生长性能、体温及行为的影响

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中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193

王雪洁(1993-),女,山东烟台人,硕士研究生,养殖专业。E-mail:927683542@qq.com

收稿日期: 2018-03-26

网络出版日期: 2018-10-20

基金资助

国家重点研究发展计划（2016YFD0500509）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程（ASTIP-IAS07）

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Effects of Low Ambient Temperature on Growth Performance, Body Temperature and Behavior of Broilers

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State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2018-03-26

Online published: 2018-10-20

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摘要

本试验旨在研究低温环境对不同阶段肉鸡生长性能、体温及行为的影响，探索肉鸡适宜生长的下限温度。试验1：选择360只21日龄健康爱拔益加（AA）肉鸡，随机分为6个组，每组6个重复，每个重复10只。各组肉鸡分别饲养于6个人工环境控制舱内，舱内平均温度分别为26.5、25.0、23.5、22.0、20.5和19.0℃。试验2：选择240只35日龄健康AA肉鸡，随机分为5个组，每组6个重复，每个重复8只。各组肉鸡分别饲养于5个人工环境控制舱内，舱内平均温度分别为22.5、20.5、18.5、16.5、14.5℃。2个试验均持续1周，分别测定肉鸡的生长性能、体表和体核温度以及行为学指标。结果表明：1）在21~28日龄阶段，低温环境对肉鸡的料重比（F/G）、不同部位的体表温度及采食、站立和抱团行为次数均有显著影响（P<0.05）。其中，平均温度26.5℃组肉鸡的F/G显著低于平均温度22.0、20.5、19.0℃组（P<0.05），平均温度26.5℃组肉鸡的鸡冠温度、眼睑温度、脚蹼温度和小腿温度显著高于平均温度22.0、20.5、19.0℃组（P<0.05），平均温度26.5℃组肉鸡的采食、站立和抱团行为次数显著低于平均温度22.0、20.5、19.0℃组（P<0.05）。2）在35~42日龄阶段，低温环境对肉鸡的F/G、不同部位的体表温度及站立、抱团行为次数有显著影响（P<0.05）。其中，平均温度22.5℃组肉鸡的F/G显著低于平均温度16.5和14.5℃组（P<0.05），平均温度22.5℃组肉鸡的鸡冠温度、眼睑温度、耳垂温度、脚蹼温度和小腿温度显著高于平均温度16.5和14.5℃组（P<0.05），平均温度22.5℃组肉鸡的抱团行为次数显著低于平均温度18.5、16.5、14.5℃组（P<0.05），平均温度22.5℃组肉鸡的站立行为次数显著低于平均温度14.5℃组。由此可见，本试验条件下，25.0~22.0℃是21~28日龄肉鸡适宜生长的下限温度，19.5~17.5℃是35~42日龄肉鸡适宜生长的下限温度。

关键词： 低温环境; 肉鸡; 生长性能; 体温; 行为

本文引用格式

王雪洁, 张敏红, 冯京海, 厉秀梅, 周莹, 邢爽, 马丹丹 . 低温环境对肉鸡生长性能、体温及行为的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(10) : 3914 -3922 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.10.015

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of low ambient temperature on growth performance, body temperature and behavior of broilers, and to explore the lower limit temperature for suitable growth of broilers. Experiment 1:a total of 360 healthy 21-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were selected and randomly allotted into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicate. Broilers in the 6 groups were fed in the 6 artificial climate chambers, the chamber average temperatures were 26.5, 25.0, 23.5, 22.0 20.5 and 19.0℃, respectively. Experiment 2:a total of 240 healthy 35-day-old AA broilers were selected and randomly allotted into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 8 broilers per replicate. Broilers in the 5 groups were fed in the 6 artificial climate chambers, the chamber average temperatures were 22.5, 20.5, 18.5, 16.5 and 14.5℃, respectively. Both trials lasted for 1 week, and the growth performance, surface temperature, core temperature and behavioral parameters of broilers were determined. The results showed as follows:1) during 21 to 28 days of age period, the low ambient temperature significantly affected the feed to gain ratio (F/G), surface temperatures in different parts and standing and huddling behavior times of broilers (P<0.05). The F/G of broilers in average temperature 26.5℃ group was significantly lower than that in average temperature 22.0, 20.5 and 19.0℃ groups (P<0.05), the crest temperature, eyes temperature, ankle temperature, leg temperature of broilers in average temperature 26.5℃ group were significantly higher than those in 22.0, 20.5 and 19.0℃ groups (P<0.05), the feeding, standing and huddling behavior times of broilers in average temperature 26.5℃ group were significantly lower than those in 22.0, 20.5 and 19.0℃ groups (P<0.05). 2) During 35 to 42 days of age period, the low ambient temperature significantly affected the F/G, surface temperatures in different parts and standing and huddling behavior times of broilers (P<0.05). The F/G of broilers in average temperature 22.5℃ group was significantly lower than that in average temperature 16.5 and 14.5℃ groups (P<0.05), the crest temperature, eyes temperature, earlap temperature, ankle temperature, leg temperature of broilers in average temperature 22.5℃ group were significantly higher than those in 16.5 and 14.5℃ groups (P<0.05), the huddling behavior time of broilers in average temperature 22.5℃ group were significantly lower than that in 18.5, 16.5 and 14.5℃ groups (P<0.05), the standing behavior time of broilers in average temperature 22.5℃ group were significantly lower than that in 14.5℃ group (P<0.05). In conclusion, under the condition of this experiment, the lower limit temperature for suitable growth of broilers are 25.0 to 22.0℃ (21 to 28 days of age) and 19.5 to 17.5℃ (35 to 42 days of age).

Key words： low ambient temperature; broilers; growth performance; body temperature; behavior

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