饲粮中维生素B12添加水平对5~15周龄五龙鹅生长性能、肠道发育和盲肠菌群结构的影响

龙建华, 王宝维, 孔敏, 张名爱, 岳斌, 葛文华, 柯昌娇, 刁翠萍, 孙玲玲

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.10.017

动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 10: 3930 - 3940

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.10.017

禽营养 Poultry nutrition

饲粮中维生素B₁₂添加水平对5~15周龄五龙鹅生长性能、肠道发育和盲肠菌群结构的影响

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青岛农业大学优质水禽研究所, 国家水禽产业技术体系营养与饲料功能研究室, 青岛 266109

龙建华(1993-),男,贵州黔西人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与保健。E-mail:1005719250@qq.com

收稿日期: 2018-03-27

网络出版日期: 2018-10-20

基金资助

国家水禽产业技术体系专项基金（CARS-43-11）

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Effects of Vitamin B₁₂ Supplemental Level on Growth Performance, Intestinal Development and Microflora Structure in Cecum of Wulong Geese Aged from 5 to 15 Weeks

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National Aquatic Industry Technology System, Research Center of Quality Waterfowl, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China

Received date: 2018-03-27

Online published: 2018-10-20

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮中维生素B₁₂添加水平对5~15周龄五龙鹅生长性能、肠道发育和盲肠菌群结构的影响，探索5~15周龄五龙鹅饲粮中维生素B₁₂的适宜添加水平。试验选用4周龄末五龙鹅360只，随机分为6个组，每组6个重复，每个重复10只（公母各占1/2）。Ⅰ组为对照组，饲喂不添加维生素B₁₂的基础饲粮（实测基础饲粮中维生素B₁₂含量为0），Ⅱ~Ⅵ组为试验组，分别饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加0.005（Ⅱ组）、0.010（Ⅲ组）、0.015（Ⅳ组）、0.020（Ⅴ组）和0.025 mg/kg维生素B₁₂（Ⅵ组）的试验饲粮。试验期为11周。结果表明：1）Ⅱ~Ⅳ组的终末体重（FBW）显著或极显著高于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01），Ⅲ~Ⅳ组的平均日增重（ADG）显著或极显著高于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。2）各试验组的空肠绒毛高度（VH）均显著或极显著高于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01），以Ⅲ组的VH最高；各试验组的空肠隐窝深度（CD）均显著或极显著低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01），以Ⅲ组的CD最低；各试验组的空肠VH与CD的比值均显著或极显著大于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01），以Ⅲ组的VH与CD的比值最大。3）饲粮中添加不同水平的维生素B₁₂能够改变肉鹅盲肠优势菌群纲、科、属水平相对丰度。在纲水平上，梭菌纲、拟杆菌纲和δ-变形菌纲变化明显；在科水平上，拟杆菌科、疣微菌科和脱磷弧菌科变化明显；在属水平上，拟杆菌属和脱磷弧菌属变化明显。由此得出，饲粮中添加适宜水平的维生素B₁₂可提高5~15周龄五龙鹅的生长性能，改变盲肠的优势菌群的相对丰度；以FBW和ADG为评价指标，建议5~15周龄五龙鹅饲粮中维生素B₁₂的添加水平为0.012 6~0.013 4 mg/kg。

关键词： 维生素B₁₂; 五龙鹅; 生长性能; 肠道发育; 盲肠; 菌群结构

本文引用格式

龙建华, 王宝维, 孔敏, 张名爱, 岳斌, 葛文华, 柯昌娇, 刁翠萍, 孙玲玲 . 饲粮中维生素B₁₂添加水平对5~15周龄五龙鹅生长性能、肠道发育和盲肠菌群结构的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(10) : 3930 -3940 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.10.017

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of vitamin B₁₂ supplemental level on growth performance, intestinal development and microflora structure in cecum of Wulong geese aged from 5 to 15 weeks, aimed to explore the optimum supplemental level of vitamin B₁₂ in diets of Wulong geese aged from 5 to 15 weeks. A total of 360 Wulong geese at the end of 4 weeks of age were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 10 geese in each replicate (half males and half females). Group Ⅰ was the control group, and geese in the control group were fed a basal diet without vitamin B₁₂ (measured vitamin B₁₂ content was 0 in the basal diet); groups Ⅱ to Ⅵ were the test groups, and geese in the test groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.005 (group Ⅱ), 0.010 (group Ⅲ), 0.015 (group Ⅳ), 0.020 (group Ⅴ) and 0.025 mg/kg vitamin B₁₂ (group Ⅵ), respectively. The trial period was 11 weeks. The results showed as follows:1) the final body weight (FBW) of groups Ⅱ to Ⅳ was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the average daily gain (ADG) of groups Ⅲ to Ⅳ was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 2) The villus height (VH) of test groups was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the highest value was found in group Ⅲ. The crypt depth (CD) of test groups was significantly or extremely significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the lowest value was found in group Ⅲ. The ratio of VH to CD (V/C) of test groups was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the highest value was found in group Ⅲ. 3) Diets supplemented with different levels of vitamin B₁₂ could change the relative abundances of dominant microorganisms in class, family and genus levels. In the class level, Clostridia, Bacteroides and Deltaproteobacteria had obviously changes; in the family level, Bacteroidaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae had obviously changes; in the genus level, Bacteroides and Desulfovibrio had obviously changes. In conclusion, the optimum supplemental level of vitamin B₁₂ in diets can improve the growth performance and change the relative abundance of dominant microorganisms in cecum of Wulong geese aged from 5 to 15 weeks. It is recommended that the supplemental level of vitamin B₁₂ in the diet of Wulong geese aged from 5 to 15 weeks is 0.012 6 to 0.013 4 mg/kg with the FBW and ADG as evaluation indices.

Key words： vitamin B₁₂; Wulong geese; growth performance; intestinal development; cecum; microflora structure

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