动物营养学报 >

2019 , Vol. 31 >Issue 4: 1585 - 1595

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.04.015

猪与禽营养 Swine and poultry nutrition

饲养方式对北京油鸡生长和屠宰性能、肉品质以及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响

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  • 河南省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 郑州 450002
李文嘉(1987-),男,湖北襄阳人,博士,助理研究员,从事动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:liwenjia_2008@163.com

收稿日期: 2018-09-21

  网络出版日期: 2019-04-16

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0500509）；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金（CARS-41）；河南省农业科学院自主创新专项基金（2018ZC51）

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Effects of Different Feeding Patterns on Growth and Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality and Muscular Fatty Acid Content of Beijing-You Chickens

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  • Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China

Received date: 2018-09-21

  Online published: 2019-04-16

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摘要

本试验旨在研究不同饲养方式对北京油鸡生长和屠宰性能、肉品质以及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响。试验选取8周龄北京油鸡公鸡1 200只，体重（561.75±7.39）g，随机分成2个组，对照组为集约化笼养（笼养组），试验组为林下放养（放养组），每组6个重复，每个重复100只鸡。试验分为9~14周龄和15~20周龄2个阶段，试验期间饲喂相同饲粮。结果表明：1）14周龄，笼养组北京油鸡活体重与放养组相比无显著差异（P>0.05），而20周龄，放养组油鸡活体重较笼养组显著下降（P<0.05）；2个饲养阶段放养组油鸡腿肌率较笼养组显著上升（P<0.05），腹脂率显著降低（P<0.05），而胸肌率组间无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）20周龄，放养组胸肌和腿肌亮度（L*）和红度（a*）值显著高于笼养组（P<0.05）；2个饲养阶段放养组胸肌黄度（b*）值显著下降（P<0.05），而腿肌b*值组间无显著差异（P>0.05）。3）20周龄，放养组北京油鸡胸肌粗蛋白质含量较笼养组显著升高（P<0.05），而粗脂肪含量显著下降（P<0.05）；2个饲养阶段放养组北京油鸡胸肌肌苷酸含量较笼养组显著上升（P<0.05），腿肌粗蛋白质和肌苷酸含量显著升高（P<0.05），而粗脂肪含量显著下降（P<0.05）；饲养方式对肌肉水分含量无显著影响（P>0.05）。4）北京油鸡胸肌和腿肌中脂肪酸种类基本一致，棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸含量最高，放养组肌肉不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量显著高于笼养组（P<0.05），而饱和脂肪酸和总脂肪酸含量显著下降（P<0.05）。综上所述，饲养方式对北京油鸡生长和屠宰性能、肌内脂肪酸的组成和含量存在影响，林下放养方式可改善北京油鸡肌肉品质和肉质风味。

关键词： 北京油鸡; 林下放养; 屠宰性能; 肉品质; 脂肪酸

本文引用格式

李文嘉, 孙全友, 魏凤仙, 徐彬, 邓文, 马慧慧, 白杰, 王琳燚, 李绍钰 . 饲养方式对北京油鸡生长和屠宰性能、肉品质以及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(4) : 1585 -1595 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.04.015

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different feeding patterns on growth and slaughter performance, meat quality and muscular fatty acid content of Beijing-You chickens. A total of 1 200 male Beijing-You chickens with (561.75±7.39) g body weight of 8-week-old were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 replicates per group and 100 chickens per replicate. The control group was intensively cage rearing (caging group), and the test group was grazing under the forest (grazing group). The experiment was divided into two stages of 9 to 14 weeks of age and 15 to 20 weeks of age, and chickens were fed the same diet during the study. The results showed as follows:1) at 14 weeks of age, there was no significant difference in live body weight of chickens between the caging group and the grazing group (P>0.05). However, at 20 weeks of age, the live body weight of chickens in the grazing group was significantly lower than that in the caging group (P<0.05). In those two feeding stages, the thigh muscle rate of chickens in the grazing group was increased significantly compared with the caging group (P<0.05), and the abdominal fat rate was decreased significantly (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference of breast muscle rate between two groups (P<0.05). 2) At 20 weeks of age, the luminance (L*) and redness (a*) values of thigh and breast muscle were significantly increased in the grazing group compared with the caging group (P<0.05). The breast muscle yellowness (b*) value was decreased significantly in the two feeding stages (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference of leg muscle b* value between those groups (P>0.05). 3) At 20 weeks of age, the crude protein content in breast muscle of chickens in the grazing group was significantly higher than that in the caging group (P<0.05), while the crude fat content was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In the two feeding stages, the inosine monophosphate content in breast muscle was significantly increased in the grazing group compared with the caging group (P<0.05), the contents of crude protein and inosine monophosphate in thigh muscle were significantly increased in the grazing group (P<0.05), and the crude fat content in thigh muscle was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The muscle moisture content was not affected by the feeding patterns (P>0.05). 4) The fatty acid composition of Beijing-You chicken's breast and thigh muscle was similar. Palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid had the highest content of total fatty acids. The contents of unsaturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid in the muscle of chickens in the grazing group were significantly higher than those in the caging group (P<0.05), while the contents of saturated fatty acid and total fatty acids were decreased significantly (P<0.05). The results indicate that the feeding patterns have effects on the growth and slaughter performance, the composition and content of intramuscular fatty acids of Beijing-You chickens. The grazing method under the forest has an ability to improve the meat quality and flavor of Beijing-You chickens.

Key words： Beijing-You chicken; grazing under the forest; slaughter performance; meat quality; fatty acid

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