动物营养学报 >

2019 , Vol. 31 >Issue 4: 1952 - 1960

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.04.056

研究简报 Short Communications

不同青贮菌、纤维分解酶及碳源组合对稻秸青贮发酵品质的影响

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  • 扬州大学动物科学与技术学院, 扬州 225009
欧阳佳良(1996-),男,江西九江人,硕士研究生,从事动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:2856847623@qq.com

收稿日期: 2018-09-12

  网络出版日期: 2019-04-16

基金资助

国家重点研发计划（2017YFD0800200，2018YFD0502100）；江苏省优势学科（PAPD）

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Effects of Different Combinations of Silage Bacteria, Cellulolytic Enzymes and Carbon Sources on Fermentation Quality of Rice Straw Silage

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  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Received date: 2018-09-12

  Online published: 2019-04-16

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摘要

本试验旨在研究不同添加物组合对稻秸青贮发酵品质的影响，进而筛选出最适于稻秸青贮的添加物组合。采用3因素3水平正交设计，将不同种类的青贮菌、纤维分解酶和碳源添加到稻秸中，1组为地衣芽孢杆菌+黑曲霉+葡萄糖，2组为地衣芽孢杆菌+绿色木霉+麸皮，3组为地衣芽孢杆菌+纤维素酶+淀粉，4组为植物乳杆菌+黑曲霉+麸皮，5组为植物乳杆菌+绿色木霉+淀粉，6组为植物乳杆菌+纤维素酶+葡萄糖，7组为粪肠球菌+黑曲霉+淀粉，8组为粪肠球菌+绿色木霉+葡萄糖，9组为粪肠球菌+纤维素酶+麸皮，同时设置空白对照组，共10组，每组3个重复，于青贮15、30和45 d分别采集青贮饲料样品进行青贮发酵品质分析。结果表明：1）2、4组氨态氮（NH3-N）/总氮（TN）平均值显著高于空白对照组（P<0.05），9组NH3-N/TN平均值与空白对照组差异不显著（P>0.05），其他各组均显著低于空白对照组（P<0.05）。2）除1、3组外，其他各组乳酸含量平均值均显著高于空白对照组（P<0.05），除1、3组外，其他各组乙酸含量平均值均显著低于空白对照组（P<0.05），除6、7、8组外，空白对照组丁酸含量平均值显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）。3）4~9组总评分平均值显著高于空白对照组和其他各组（P<0.05），1、3组总评分平均值与空白对照组没有显著差异（P>0.05）。4）正交分析中，青贮15、30和45 d极差值青贮菌>纤维分解酶，青贮15和45 d极差值纤维分解酶>碳源，且青贮15和30 d都以植物乳杆菌和绿色木霉水平最优，而青贮30和45 d都以麸皮水平最优。综上，对稻秸青贮品质的影响青贮菌 > 纤维分解酶 > 碳源，正交筛选最适于稻秸青贮的添加物组合为植物乳杆菌、绿色木霉和麸皮。

关键词： 青贮稻秸; 青贮菌; 纤维分解酶; 碳源; 青贮品质; 正交设计

本文引用格式

欧阳佳良, 戚如鑫, 陈逸飞, 王梦芝 . 不同青贮菌、纤维分解酶及碳源组合对稻秸青贮发酵品质的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(4) : 1952 -1960 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.04.056

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different additives on the fermentation quality of rice straw silage, and then select the most suitable additive combination for rice straw silage. This experiment is an orthogonal test included 3 factors and 3 levels, adding different silage bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecalis), cellulolytic enzymes (Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and cellulase) and carbon source (glucose, bran and starch) to freshly harvested rice straw for silage 45 days, and a blank control group was included. Group 1 was Bacillus licheniformis+Aspergillus niger+glucose, group 2 was Bacillus licheniformis+Trichoderma viride+bran, group 3 was Bacillus licheniformis+cellulase+starch, group 4 was Lactobacillus plantarum+Aspergillus niger+bran, group 5 was Lactobacillus plantarum+Trichoderma viride+starch, group 6 was Lactobacillus plantarum+cellulase+glucose, group 7 was Enterococcus faecalis+Aspergillus niger+starch, group 8 was Enterococcus faecalis+Trichoderma viride+glucose, and group 9 was Enterococcus faecalis+cellulase+bran. Samples were collected for analyzing the fermentation quality on 15, 30 and 45 days of silage. The results showed as follows:1) the mean of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N)/total nitrogen (TN) in groups 2 and 4 was significantly higher than that in blank control group (P<0.05), the mean of NH3-N/TN in group 9 had no significant difference compared with blank control group (P>0.05), and the mean in the other groups was significantly lower than that in blank control group (P<0.05). 2) Except groups 1 and 3, the mean of lactic acid content in other groups was significantly higher than that in blank control group (P<0.05); except groups 1 and 3, the mean of acetic acid content in other groups was significantly lower than that in blank control group (P<0.05); except groups 6, 7, 8 groups, the mean of butyric acid content in blank control group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). 3) The mean of total scores in groups 4 to 9 was significantly higher than that in blank control group and other groups (P<0.05), that in groups 1 and 3 had no significant difference compared with blank control group (P>0.05). 4) As for orthogonal analysis, the R value was silage bacteria>cellulolytic enzymes at 15, 30 and 45 days of silage. At 15 and 45 days of silage, the R value was cellulolytic enzymes>carbon sources, and Lactobacillus plantarum and Trichoderma viride were the excellent level at 15 and 30 days of silage, while bran was the excellent level at 30 and 45 days of silage. In summary, the effect on silage quality is silage bacteria > cellulolytic enzymes > carbon source, and the most suitable additives combination for rice straw silage is Lactobacillus plantarum, Trichoderma viride and bran.

Key words： silage rice straw; silage bacteria; cellulolytic enzymes; carbon source; fermentation quality; orthogonal design

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