动物营养学报 >

2019 , Vol. 31 >Issue 6: 2560 - 2571

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.06.015

猪与禽营养 Swine and poultry nutrition

饲粮中添加发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪粪便菌群多样性的影响

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  • 山西农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 太原 030032
何敏(1986-),男,山西太谷人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:hemin8660@163.com

收稿日期: 2018-10-15

  网络出版日期: 2019-06-17

基金资助

山西省攻关项目（201603D221023-2，201703D221023-1）；山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究项目（YGG17094）

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Effects of Dietary Fermented Soybean Meal on Diversity of Faecal Microbiota of Weaned Pigs

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  • Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary, Sciences of Shanxi Agricultural Academy, Taiyuan 030032, China

Received date: 2018-10-15

  Online published: 2019-06-17

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摘要

本试验采用高通量测序技术，研究饲粮中添加发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪粪便菌群多样性的影响。选取36日龄"杜×长×大"仔猪80头，随机分为A、B、C、D组，D组为对照组，饲喂基础饲粮；A、B、C组为试验组，分别在基础饲粮中添加5%、10%、15%的发酵豆粕。试验结束采集4组仔猪的粪便，采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对其中细菌的16S rRNA基因的V3~V4区序列进行测序。结果表明：1）菌群的平均有效序列数为47 218条；在97%的相似水平下共产生了3 581个操作分类单元（OTUs）；共检测到12个门、21个纲、33个目、64个科、111个属和137个种。2）α多样性指数在各组间均无显著性差异（P>0.05），但B组的Shannon指数最高，菌群最丰富。β多样性分析表明，4组菌群在统计学上存在显著差异（P<0.05），分组效果较好。3）门水平的优势菌为厚壁菌门，科与属水平的优势菌分别为乳酸菌科和乳酸菌属。B组的厚壁菌门相对丰度显著高于D组（P<0.05），乳酸菌属相对丰度显著高于A、D组（P<0.05），但与C组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。4）菌群主要参与的代谢通路为糖类代谢、氨基酸代谢、能量代谢、核酸代谢、辅酶和维生素代谢。除核酸代谢外，其余4种代谢通路中，B组菌群的相对丰度最高并依次为C、A、D组。综上所述，在仔猪饲粮中添加10%的发酵豆粕，能增加肠道菌群的多样性，显著增加肠道中厚壁菌门、乳酸菌科和乳酸菌属等有益菌的相对丰度，维持肠道的健康，促进营养物质的代谢。

关键词： 发酵豆粕; 断奶仔猪; 粪便; 菌群多样性; Illumina MiSeq测序

本文引用格式

何敏, 党文庆, 梁兴龙, 杨晋青, 张洁, 梁佶宇, 余牧航 . 饲粮中添加发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪粪便菌群多样性的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(6) : 2560 -2571 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.06.015

Abstract

This study was conducted to study the effects of dietary fermented soybean meal (FSM) on the fecal microbiota diversity of weaned piglets using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 80 piglets were randomly divided into A, B, C and D groups. As the control, the piglets of group D were fed a basal diet. The piglets of groups A,B and C were fed the basal diet added 5%, 10% and 15% FSM, respectively. Feces of four groups were collected after the experiment. The V3 to V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria in faeces was sequenced using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed as follows:1) in all of the samples, the average effective sequence number of bacteria was 47 218 and 3 581 operational taxonomic unit (OTUs) were produced at a similar level of 97% and 12 phylum, 21 classes, 33 orders, 64 families, 111 genera and 137 species were detected. 2) The alpha diversity indexes of fecal microbiota showed that there was no significant difference among groups (P>0.05), but the Shannon index of group B was the highest, indicating that the diversity of this group was the best. The beta analysis of diversity showed that the grouping effect was better, and there were significant differences between groups (P<0.05). 3) At the phylum level, the dominant bacteria in feces was Firmicutes. The relative abundance of Firmicutes of group B was significantly higher than that of group D (P<0.05). Both the family and genus levels, the dominant bacteria was Lactobacillus and Lactobacillus, respectively. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus of group B was significantly higher than that of groups A and D (P<0.05), but no significant differences between group B and group C (P>0.05). 4) It was predicted that the bacteria were mainly involved in metabolic pathways of carbohydrate, amino acid, energy, nucleic acid, and cofactors and vitamins. In addition to the nucleic acid metabolism, the relative abundance of bacteria of group B was the greatest and followed by groups C, A and D. In conclusion, adding 10% FSM to the piglet diets can increase the diversity of the intestinal bacteria, significantly increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Firmicutes, Lactobacillus and Lactobacillus, maintain the healthy development and promote the metabolism of nutrients.

Key words： fermented soybean meal; weaned piglets; faeces; microbiota diversity; Illumina MiSeq sequencing

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