不同收获期对全株玉米青贮营养价值、发酵品质和瘤胃降解率的影响

姜富贵, 成海建, 刘栋, 胡明, 苏文政, 安文娟, 孔淑慧, 王亚芳, 刘方圆, 宋恩亮

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.06.041

动物营养学报 >

2019 , Vol. 31 >Issue 6: 2807 - 2815

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.06.041

饲料科学与技术 Feed science and technology

不同收获期对全株玉米青贮营养价值、发酵品质和瘤胃降解率的影响

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1. 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 济南 250100;
2. 山东省畜禽疫病防治与繁育重点实验室, 济南 250100;
3. 山东省畜禽健康养殖工程技术中心, 济南 250100;
4. 山东省畜牧总站, 济南 250022;
5. 山东畜牧兽医职业学院, 潍坊 261061

姜富贵(1988-),男,山东泰安人,助理研究员,博士,从事反刍动物营养生理研究。E-mail:fgjiang2017@163.com

收稿日期: 2018-12-11

网络出版日期: 2019-06-17

基金资助

现代农业（肉牛牦牛）产业技术体系专项资金（CARS-37）；国家自然科学基金（31672450）；农业技术试验示范与服务支持项目——山东省全株青贮玉米推广示范应用项目（131821301064072018-2）；山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目"青贮玉米高产高效生产技术集成与示范"

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Effects of Different Harvest Stages on Nutritional Value, Fermentation Quality and Rumen Degradability of Whole Corn Silage

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1. Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
2. Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan 250100, China;
3. Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Center of Animal Healthy Breeding, Jinan 250100, China;
4. Shandong Provincial General Station of Animal Husbandry, Jinan 250022, China;
5. Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang 261061, China

Received date: 2018-12-11

Online published: 2019-06-17

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摘要

本试验旨在研究不同收获期对全株玉米青贮营养价值、发酵品质和瘤胃降解率的影响。试验抽样采集山东省44个区县130个养殖场130份全株玉米青贮饲料样品，按照收获时玉米籽粒的乳线位置，共分为1/2乳线、2/3乳线和3/4乳线3个时期，样品数量分别为40、60和30份，测定其营养价值、发酵品质和瘤胃降解率。结果表明：1）随着收获期的延迟，全株玉米青贮的干物质（DM）含量显著增加（P<0.05），粗灰分（Ash）含量显著降低（P<0.05）。1/2乳线期全株玉米青贮的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）和酸性洗涤木质素（ADL）含量显著高于2/3乳线期和3/4乳线期（P<0.05）。2）随着收获期的延迟，全株玉米青贮的淀粉（CB₁）含量显著增加（P<0.05）。1/2乳线期全株玉米青贮的总碳水化合物（CHO）、可溶性糖（CA）含量显著低于3/4乳线期（P<0.05），1/2乳线期全株玉米青贮的不可利用纤维（CC）和可利用中性洗涤纤维（CB₃）含量显著高于2/3乳线期和3/4乳线期（P<0.05）。3）随着收获期的延迟，全株玉米青贮的发酵系数和费氏评分显著增加（P<0.05）。1/2乳线期和2/3乳线期全株玉米青贮的乳酸含量显著高于3/4乳线期（P<0.05），1/2乳线期全株玉米青贮的的丙酸含量显著高于2/3乳线期和3/4乳线期（P<0.05）。4）随着收获期的延迟，全株玉米青贮的总可消化养分含量及消化能、代谢能均显著增加（P<0.05）。1/2乳线期全株玉米青贮的维持净能、增重净能和泌乳净能显著低于2/3乳线期和3/4乳线期（P<0.05）。5）1/2乳线期和2/3乳线期全株玉米青贮的24和48 h的干物质降解率显著低于3/4乳线期（P<0.05）。综上所述，收获期为3/4乳线期时，全株玉米青贮的营养价值和发酵品质最优。

关键词： 收获期; 全株玉米青贮; 营养价值; 发酵品质

本文引用格式

姜富贵, 成海建, 刘栋, 胡明, 苏文政, 安文娟, 孔淑慧, 王亚芳, 刘方圆, 宋恩亮 . 不同收获期对全株玉米青贮营养价值、发酵品质和瘤胃降解率的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(6) : 2807 -2815 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.06.041

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value, fermentation quality and rumen degradability of whole corn silage in different harvest stages. One hundred and thirty whole corn silage samples were collected from 130 farms located in 44 districts in Shandong province. According to the position of milk line of corn seeds at harvest, the samples were divided into three stages:1/2 milk line, 2/3 milk line and 3/4 milk line, and the number of samples was 40, 60 and 30, respectively, and the nutritional value, fermentation quality and rumen degradability of whole corn silage were determined. The results were showed as follows:1) with the harvest stage prolonged, the content of dry matter (DM) in whole corn silage was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the crude ash (Ash) content was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) in whole corn silage in 1/2 milk line stage were significantly higher than those in 2/3 milk line stage and 3/4 milk line stage (P<0.05). 2) With the harvest stage prolonged, the content of starch (CB₁) in whole corn silage was significantly increased (P<0.05). The contents of total carbohydrates (CHO) and soluble sugar (CA) in whole corn silage in 1/2 milk line stage were significantly lower than those in 3/4 milk line stage (P<0.05), and the contents of unusable fiber (CC) and available neutral detergent fibers (CB₃) in whole corn silage in 1/2 milk line stage were significantly higher than those in 2/3 milk line stage and 3/4 milk line stage (P<0.05). 3) With the harvest stage prolonged, the fermentation coefficient and Fleig score of whole corn silage were significantly increased (P<0.05). The content of lactic acid in whole corn silage in 1/2 milk line stage and 2/3 milk line stage was significantly higher than that in 3/4 milk line stage (P<0.05), and the content of propionic acid in whole corn silage in 1/2 milk line stage was significantly higher than that in 2/3 milk line stage and 3/4 milk line stage (P<0.05). 4) With the harvest stage prolonged, the total digestible nutrient (TDN) content and digestive energy and metabolic energy in whole corn silage were significantly increased (P<0.05). The net energy for maintenance, net energy for gain and net energy for lactating in whole corn silage in 1/2 milk line stage were significantly lower than those in 2/3 milk line stage and 3/4 milk line stage (P<0.05). 5) The dry matter degradability of whole corn silage at 24 and 48 h in 1/2 milk line stage and 2/3 milk line stage was significantly lower than that in 3/4 milk line stage (P<0.05). In conclusion, the whole corn silage harvested at 3/4 milk line has the highest nutritional value and fermentation quality.

Key words： harvest stage; whole corn silage; nutritional value; fermentation quality

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