动物营养学报 >

2019 , Vol. 31 >Issue 6: 2842 - 2853

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.06.045

饲料科学与技术 Feed science and technology

海带粉对饲喂高精料饲粮奶牛瘤胃发酵参数和菌群结构的影响

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  • 1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193;
    2. 北京农学院奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室, 北京 102206
孙福昱(1994-),男,山东烟台人,硕士研究生,从事反刍动物营养与饲料研究。E-mail:sfycaas@163.com

收稿日期: 2018-11-08

  网络出版日期: 2019-06-17

基金资助

北京市奶牛创新团队（bjcystx-ny-1）

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Effects of Kelp Powder on Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microflora Structure of Dairy Cows Fed a High Concentrate Diet

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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
    2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Nutrition, Beijing Agricultural College, Beijing 102206, China

Received date: 2018-11-08

  Online published: 2019-06-17

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摘要

本试验旨在探究海带粉作为饲料原料对饲喂高精料饲粮奶牛瘤胃发酵参数及菌群结构的影响。试验选用体重为（605±36）kg的健康泌乳中后期荷斯坦奶牛15头，随机分为3组，每组5头。采用随机试验设计，3组奶牛分别饲喂45%低精料饲粮、55%高精料饲粮和55%高精料+5%海带粉饲粮。试验期为35 d，于试验末对晨饲前奶牛经口腔采集瘤胃液，测定其pH，氨态氮、微生物蛋白、挥发性脂肪酸浓度和菌群结构。结果显示：1）相比55%高精料饲粮，在55%高精料饲粮中添加5%海带粉后，瘤胃中pH显著升高（P<0.05），氨态氮和微生物蛋白的浓度显著降低（P<0.05），总挥发性脂肪酸的浓度以及挥发性脂肪酸中丁酸、异丁酸和异戊酸的比例显著增加（P<0.05）。2）在55%高精料饲粮中添加5%海带粉降低了样本独有的操作分类单元（OUT）数量，但对瘤胃细菌α多样性的影响不显著（P>0.05）。在门水平上，与44%低精料饲粮相比，55%高精料饲粮显著增加了瘤胃中放线菌门的相对丰度（P<0.05），显著降低了瘤胃中SR1_Absconditabacteria的相对丰度（P<0.05）；而在55%高精料饲粮中添加5%海带粉后，瘤胃中拟杆菌门的相对丰度显著降低（P<0.05），瘤胃中厚壁菌门的相对丰度显著增加（P<0.05），同时进一步显著增加了瘤胃中放线菌门的相对丰度（P<0.05）。在属水平上，相对于45%低精料饲粮，55%高精料饲粮显著增加了瘤胃中瘤胃球菌属2（Ruminococcus_2）和毛螺菌科NK3A20类群（Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group）的相对丰度（P<0.05），显著降低了瘤胃中普雷沃氏菌属1（Prevotella_1）和普雷沃氏菌科UCG-003（Prevotellaceae_UCG-003）的相对丰度（P<0.05）；在55%高精料饲粮中添加5%海带粉后，进一步显著降低了瘤胃中Prevotella_1的相对丰度（P<0.05），并显著增加了瘤胃中Ruminococcus_2的相对丰度（P<0.05）。综上可见，在55%高精料饲粮中添加5%的海带粉可以改善饲喂高精料饲粮奶牛的瘤胃发酵环境，调整瘤胃菌群结构，对瘤胃细菌多样性的影响较小。

关键词： 奶牛; 海带粉; 瘤胃发酵; 菌群结构

本文引用格式

孙福昱, 赵一广, 薛夫光, 华登科, 杜春梅, 蒋林树, 熊本海 . 海带粉对饲喂高精料饲粮奶牛瘤胃发酵参数和菌群结构的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(6) : 2842 -2853 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.06.045

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of kelp powder as a feed ingredient on rumen fermentation parameters and microflora structure of dairy cows fed a high concentrate diet. Fifty healthy lactating cows in the middle and late lactation with the body weight of (605±36) kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 cows per group. Using a randomized trial design, cows in the 3 groups were fed 45% low concentrate diet, 55% high concentrate diet and 55% high concentrate+5% kelp powder diet, respectively. The experiment period was 35 days. At the end of the test, the rumen liquid was collected from the cows before the morning feeding, and the pH, ammonia nitrogen, microbial protein, volatile fatty acid concentrations and microflora structure were determined. The results showed as follows:1) compared with the 55% high concentrate diet, the pH of rumen was significantly increased (P<0.05), the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and microbial protein were significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the concentration of total volatile fatty acids and the percentages of butyric acid, isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in volatile fatty acids were significantly increased after adding 5% kelp powder into the 55% high concentrate diet (P<0.05). 2) Adding 5% kelp powder into the 55% high concentrate diet reduced the unique operational taxonomic unit (OUT) number of samples, but had no significant effect on the rumen bacterial α diversity (P>0.05). At the phylum level, the 55% high concentrate diet significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in rumen (P<0.05), and significantly reduced the relative abundance of SR1_Absconditabacteria in rumen compared with the 45% low concentrate diet (P<0.05); after adding 5% kelp powder into the 55% high concentrate diet, the relative abundance of Bacteroides in rumen was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the relative abundance of Firmicutes in rumen was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Actinomycetes in rumen was further increased (P<0.05). At the genus level, the 55% high concentrate diet significantly increased the relative abundances of Ruminococcus_2 and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group in rumen (P<0.05), and significantly reduced the relative abundances of Prevotella_1 and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 in rumen compared with the 45% low concentrate diet (P<0.05); adding 5% kelp powder into the 55% high concentrate diet further significantly reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella_1 and significantly increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_2 in rumen (P<0.05). In summary, adding 5% kelp powder into the 55% high concentration diet can improve the rumen fermentation environment of dairy cows, and adjust the structure of rumen microflora, which has little effect on rumen bacterial diversity.

Key words： dairy cows; kelp powder; rumen fermentation; microflora structure

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