本试验通过研究饲粮中铜水平对意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫生长发育、生理功能、抗氧化能力的影响，确定意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫饲粮中铜的适宜水平。选取1日龄意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫1 440只，随机分成6组（每组10个重复，每个重复24只幼虫），分别饲喂铜添加水平为0（对照）、1.00、2.00、3.00、4.00和5.00 μg/g的饲粮（实测饲粮铜水平分别为2.69、3.62、4.63、5.64、6.61和7.67 μg/g），饲养至幼蜂羽化出房。分别取4、5、6日龄工蜂幼虫测定血淋巴生化指标、抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化相关基因相对表达量，并计算工蜂幼虫的化蛹率和羽化率。结果表明：1）饲粮中铜水平对化蛹率和羽化率有显著影响（P<0.05），羽化率在铜水平为3.62 μg/g时达到最高，与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05），但显著高于5.64、6.61和7.67 μg/g铜组（P<0.05）。2）饲粮中铜水平对血淋巴中总蛋白（TP）、总胆固醇（TCHO）含量有显著影响（P<0.05）。随着饲粮中铜水平的升高，6日龄工蜂幼虫血淋巴中TP、TCHO含量均持续下降。3）饲粮中铜水平对工蜂幼虫4、5和6日龄铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Cu/Zn-SOD）、6日龄谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）以及6日龄铜蓝蛋白（CP）活性有显著影响（P<0.05）。随着饲粮中铜水平的升高，工蜂幼虫6日龄Cu/Zn-SOD、GSH-Px以及CP活性均呈现先升高后降低的趋势，且分别在铜水平为3.62、5.64、6.61 μg/g时达到最高。4）饲粮中铜水平对5日龄工蜂幼虫过氧化氢酶（CAT）、Cu/Zn-SOD基因的相对表达量有显著影响（P<0.05）。随着饲粮中铜水平的升高，5日龄工蜂幼虫CAT、Cu/Zn-SOD基因的相对表达量呈现先增加后下降的趋势，且均在铜水平为3.62 μg/g时达到最高。综述所述，饲粮中铜水平影响意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫的生长发育、生理机能以及抗氧化能力。分别对饲粮中铜水平与意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫的羽化率和6日龄GSH-Px活性进行曲线拟合，得到意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫饲粮中铜的适宜水平为4.96~5.34 μg/g。

The purpose of this experiment was conducted to study the effects on dietary copper level on growth and development, physiological function and antioxidant ability of worker bee larvae, in order to determine the appropriate level of copper in the diet of Apis mellifera ligustica worker bee larvae. A total of 1 440 one-day-old Apis mellifera ligustica worker bee larvae were randomly divided into 6 groups with 10 replicates in each group and 24 larvae in each replicate. The worker bee larvae in the 6 groups were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control), 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00 and 5.00 μg/g copper until emergence, and the measured copper levels in diets were 2.69, 3.62, 4.63, 5.64, 6.61 and 7.67 μg/g, respectively. Hemolymph biochemical indices, antioxidant enzyme activities and relative expression levels of antioxidant related genes of 4-, 5-and 6-day-old worker bee larvae were measured, and then pupation rate and eclosion rate of worker bee larvae were calculated. The results showed as follows:1) the influences of dietary copper level on pupation rate and eclosion rate of honeybee were significant (P<0.05). The eclosion rate in 3.62 μg/g copper group was the highest, which was significantly higher than that in 5.64, 6.61 and 7.67 μg/g copper groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with control group (P>0.05). 2) Dietary copper level had significant effects on hemolymph total protein (TP) and total cholesterol (TCHO) content of 6-day-old worker bee larvae (P<0.05). With the increase of dietary copper level, the hemolymph TP and TCHO contents continued to decline (P<0.05). 3) Dietary copper level had significant effects on the activities of superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) of 4-, 5-and 6-day-old larvae, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) of 6-day-old larvae and ceruloplasmin (CP) of 6-day-old larvae (P<0.05). With the increase of dietary copper level, the activities of Cu/Zn-SOD, GSH-Px and CP of 6-day-old larvae increased firstly and then decreased, and reached the maximum in 3.62, 5.64 and 6.61 μg/g, respectively. 4)Dietary copper level had significant effects on the relative expression levels of catalase (CAT) and Cu/Zn-SOD genes of 5-day-old larvae (P<0.05). With the increase of dietary copper level, the relative expression levels of CAT and Cu/Zn-SOD genes of 5-day-old larvae increased firstly and then decreased, and the highest values of them were all found when copper level was 3.62 μg/g. In conclusion, dietary copper level affects the growth and development, physiological function and antioxidant ability of worker bee larvae. Considering the eclosion rate and the GSH-Px activity of 6-day-old worker bee larvae to make fitting curves, the appropriate dietary copper level for Apis mellifera ligutica worker bee larvae is 4.96 to 5.34 μg/g.