动物营养学报 >

2019 , Vol. 31 >Issue 7: 3310 - 3318

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.07.044

饲料科学与技术 Feed science and technology

牛至油和肉桂醛组合添加对奶牛产奶性能和氮排泄的影响

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  • 1. 青岛农业大学动物科技学院, 青岛 266109;
    2. 青岛市崂山区农业农村局, 青岛 266061;
    3. 平度市农业农村局, 青岛 266700
丁大伟(1995-),男,山东青岛人,硕士研究生,研究方向为反刍动物营养。E-mail:ddwgyjz@126.com

收稿日期: 2019-01-07

  网络出版日期: 2019-07-19

基金资助

山东省现代农业产业技术体系牛产业创新团队（SDAIT-09-08）

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Effects of Combined Supplementation of Oregano Oil and Cinnamic Aldehyde on Lactation Performance and Nitrogen Excretion of Dairy Cows

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  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109 China;
    2. Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Laoshan, Qingdao 266061, China;
    3. Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Pingdu, Qingdao 266700, China

Received date: 2019-01-07

  Online published: 2019-07-19

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摘要

本试验旨在研究牛至油（Oo）和肉桂醛（CA）组合添加对奶牛产奶性能和氮排泄的影响。选取年龄、体重、胎次、产奶量、乳成分及泌乳期[（90±15）d]相近的荷斯坦奶牛40头，随机分为10个组，每组4头。对照（C）组饲喂基础饲粮，各试验组在基础饲粮中添加不同水平组合的Oo和CA。其中，Oo设3个添加水平，分别为11.5（L）、13.0（M）、14.5 g/（d·头）（H）；CA设3个添加水平，分别为15.0（L）、18.0（M）、21.0 g/（d·头）（H），共组成9个组合，分别为LL、LM、LH、ML、MM、MH、HL、HM、HH组（第1个字母为Oo添加水平，第2个字母为CA添加水平）。预试期15 d，正试期60 d。结果表明：1）LH、HH、LM、MM、MH、HL组产奶量均极显著高于C组（P<0.01）。2）各试验组乳体细胞数均极显著低于C组（P<0.01）。LH、ML、LM、MM组乳脂率极显著高于C组（P<0.01），LL、HH组显著高于C组（P<0.05）。LH、HM、HH、ML组乳蛋白率极显著高于C组（P<0.01），MH、LM、MM组显著高于C组（P<0.05）。3）LH、MH、HH、MM、LL、LM、HM组总氮排泄量均极显著低于C组（P<0.01），ML组显著低于C组（P<0.05）。LH、HH组粪氮极显著低于C组（P<0.01），LL、LM、MH组显著低于C组（P<0.05）。LH、MH、MM、HH组尿氮极显著低于C组（P<0.01），HM组显著低于C组（P<0.05）。MH、HL氮沉积组极显著高于C组（P<0.01），MM、LL、LH组显著高于C组（P<0.05）。LH、HH、LM组氮表观消化率极显著高于C组（P<0.01），MH、LL组显著高于C组（P<0.05）。由此可见，饲粮中联合添加Oo和CA可以提高奶牛的产奶性能，降低氮排泄量；综合考虑上述指标，在本试验条件下，最佳组合为Oo 11.5 g/（d·头）、CA 21.0 g/（d·头）。

关键词： 牛至油; 肉桂醛; 产奶性能; 氮排泄

本文引用格式

丁大伟, 高许雷, 滕乐帮, 吕永艳, 孙国强 . 牛至油和肉桂醛组合添加对奶牛产奶性能和氮排泄的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(7) : 3310 -3318 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.07.044

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different combinations of oregano oil (Oo) and cinnamic aldehyde (CA) on lactation performance and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows. Forty Holstein lactating dairy cows with similar age, body weight, parity, milk yield, milk composition and lactation period[(90±15) days)] were divided into 10 groups with 4 cows per group. The cows in control (C) group were fed a basal diet, while those in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with different supplemental levels of Oo[11.5 (L), 13.0 (M) and 14.5 (H) g/(d·head)] and CA[15.0 (L), 18.0 (M) and 21.0 (H) g/(d·head)] to constitute 9 combinations, which were named as LL, LM, LH, ML, MM, MH, HL, HM and HH groups (the first letter indicated Oo supplemental level, and the second letter indicated CA supplemental level), respectively. The pre-experiment lasted for 15 days, and the experiment lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows:1) the milk yield in LH, HH, LM, MM, MH and HL groups was extremely significantly higher than that in C group (P<0.01). 2) The milk somatic cell count in experimental groups was extremely significantly lower than that in C group (P<0.01). The milk fat percentage in LH, ML, LM and MM groups was extremely significantly higher than that in C group (P<0.01), and that in LL and HH groups was significantly higher than that in C group (P<0.05). The milk protein percentage in LH, HM, HH and ML groups was extremely significantly higher than that in C group (P<0.01), and that in MH, LM and MM groups was significantly higher than that in C group (P<0.05). 3) The total nitrogen excretion in LH, MH, HH, MM, LL, LM and HM groups was extremely significantly lower than that in C group (P<0.01), and that in ML group was significantly lower than that in C group (P<0.05). The feces nitrogen in LH and HH groups was extremely significantly lower than that in C group (P<0.01), and that in LL, LM and MH groups was significantly lower than that in C group (P<0.05). The urine nitrogen in LH, MH, MM and HH groups was extremely significantly lower than that in C group (P<0.01), and that in MM, LL and LH groups was significantly lower than that in C group (P<0.05). The nitrogen apparent digestibility in LH, HH and LM groups was extremely significantly higher than that in C group (P<0.01), and that in MH and LL groups was significantly higher than that in C group (P<0.05). The results indicate that combined supplementations of Oo and CA can improve the lactation performance and reduce the nitrogen excretion of dairy cows; considering all the above indexes, the optimal combination is 11.5 g/(d·head) Oo and 21.0 g/(d·head) CA under the experimental conditions.

Key words： oregano oil; cinnamic aldehyde; lactation performance; nitrogen excretion

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