环境温度对14~35日龄北京鸭生长性能和血液指标的影响

孙培新; 唐静; 申仲健; 黄苇; 侯水生; 谢明

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.11.019

动物营养学报 >

2019 , Vol. 31 >Issue 11: 5046 - 5052

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.11.019

猪与禽营养 Swine and poultry nutrition

环境温度对14~35日龄北京鸭生长性能和血液指标的影响

孙培新 ,
唐静 ,
申仲健 ,
黄苇 ,
侯水生 ,
谢明

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中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193

孙培新(1996-),男,河南邓州人,硕士研究生,从事水禽营养与养殖技术研究。E-mail:spxin@foxmail.com

收稿日期: 2019-04-24

网络出版日期: 2019-11-19

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0501503）

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Effects of Ambient Temperature on Growth Performance and Blood Parameters of Pekin Ducks during 14 to 35 Days of Age

SUN Peixin ,
TANG Jing ,
SHEN Zhongjian ,
HUANG Wei ,
HOU Shuisheng ,
XIE Ming

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State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2019-04-24

Online published: 2019-11-19

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摘要

本试验旨在研究环境温度对14~35日龄北京鸭生长性能、血浆生化指标及血液常规指标的影响。试验选取216只初始体重基本一致的14日龄雄性北京鸭，随机分为6组，每组6个重复，每个重复6只鸭。6组北京鸭分别饲养于6个人工气候环境控制舱内，舱内环境温度分别为20、22、24、26、28和30℃，相对湿度均为60%。试验期21 d。结果表明：1）24、26、28和30℃组的平均体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量显著低于20℃组（P<0.05），20、22、24、26和28℃组的平均体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量显著高于30℃组（P<0.05），30℃组的料重比显著高于20、22、24、26和28℃组（P<0.05）。以料重比为评价指标，依据折线模型，14~35日龄北京鸭养殖环境温度的上限拐点温度为28℃。2）26、28、30℃组的血浆总蛋白含量显著高于24℃组（P<0.05），28、30℃组的血浆尿酸含量显著高于20、22、26℃组（P<0.05），30℃组的血浆总胆固醇含量显著高于20、22、24、26和28℃组（P<0.05）。24℃组的血浆谷丙转氨酶活性显著低于28、30℃组（P<0.05），24℃组的血浆谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶和α-羟基丁酸脱氢酶活性均显著低于其他各组（P<0.05），28、30℃组的血浆总胆红素和直接胆红素含量显著高于20、22、24、26℃组（P<0.05）。3）30℃组的血液红细胞计数显著低于其他各组（P<0.05），30℃组的血液血红蛋白含量显著低于20、22、24℃组（P<0.05），30℃组的血液红细胞压积显著低于20、22、24、26℃组（P<0.05），24、26、28、30℃组的血液白细胞计数显著低于20、22℃组（P<0.05）。由此可见，环境温度过高可降低14~35日龄北京鸭的生长性能，影响血液指标。在本试验条件下，北京鸭养殖温度的上限拐点温度为28℃。

关键词： 环境温度; 鸭; 生长性能; 血液指标

本文引用格式

孙培新 , 唐静 , 申仲健 , 黄苇 , 侯水生 , 谢明 . 环境温度对14~35日龄北京鸭生长性能和血液指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(11) : 5046 -5052 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.11.019

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of ambient temperature on growth performance, plasma biochemical parameters and blood routine parameters of Pekin ducks during 14 to 35 days of age. A total of 216 fourteen-day-old male Pekin ducks with similar body weight were randomly allocated to 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 6 ducks per replicate. Ducks in the 6 groups were fed in 6 artificial climate environment-controlled chambers, which ambient temperature were 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30℃, respectively, and the relative humidity was all 60%. The experiment period lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follows:1) the average body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake of 24, 26, 28 and 30℃ groups were significantly lower than those of 20℃ group (P<0.05), the average body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake of 20, 22, 24, 26 and 28℃ groups were significantly higher than those of 30℃ group (P<0.05), and the ratio of feed to gain of 30℃ group was significantly higher than that of 20, 22, 24, 26 and 28℃ groups (P<0.05). Based on the ratio of feed to gain, according to broken-line regression, the upper critical temperature of ambient temperature of Pekin ducks during 14 to 35 days was 28℃. 2) The plasma total protein content of 26, 28 and 30℃ groups was significantly higher than that of 24℃ group (P<0.05), the plasma uric acid content of 28 and 30℃ groups was significantly higher than that of 20, 22 and 26℃ groups (P<0.05), and the plasma total cholesterol content of 30℃ group was significantly higher than that of 20, 22, 24, 26 and 28℃ groups (P<0.05). The plasma glutamic-alanine aminotransferase activity of 24℃ group was significantly lower than that of 28 and 30℃ groups (P<0.05), the activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase andα-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in plasma of 24℃ group were significantly lower than those of other groups (P<0.05), and the contents of total bilirubin and direct bilirubin in plasma of 28 and 30℃ groups were significantly higher than those of 20, 22, 24 and 26℃ groups (P<0.05). 3) The blood red blood cell count of 30℃ group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05), the blood hemoglobin content of 30℃ group was significantly lower than that of 20, 22 and 24℃ groups (P<0.05), the blood hematocrit of 30℃ group was significantly lower than that of 20, 22, 24 and 26℃ groups (P<0.05), and the blood leukocyte count of 24, 26, 28 and 30℃ group was significantly lower than that of 20 and 22℃ groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, high ambient temperature can decrease the growth performance of Pekin ducks during 14 to 35 days, and affect the blood parameters. In this experiment, the upper critical temperature of ambient temperature for Pekin ducks is 28℃.

Key words： ambient temperature; ducks; growth performance; blood parameters

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