动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 4: 1605 - 1615

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.04.018

猪营养与饲料 SWINE NUTRITION AND FEED

高温高湿环境下饲粮能量水平对生长肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标和肉品质的影响

  • 杨薇 ,
  • 龙定彪 ,
  • 王浩 ,
  • 刘作华 ,
  • 兰云贤 ,
  • 蒲施桦
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  • 1. 西南大学动物科学学院, 重庆 402460;
    2. 重庆市畜牧科学院, 重庆 402460
杨薇(1993-),女,河南濮阳人,硕士研究生,动物营养与饲料科学专业。E-mail:748917715@qq.com

收稿日期: 2019-09-28

  网络出版日期: 2020-04-16

基金资助

国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0500506）；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-35）

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Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices and Meat Quality of Growing-Finishing Pigs in High Temperature and High Humidity Environment

  • YANG Wei ,
  • LONG Dingbiao ,
  • WANG Hao ,
  • LIU Zuohua ,
  • LAN Yunxian ,
  • PU Shihua
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  • 1. College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China;
    2. Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China

Received date: 2019-09-28

  Online published: 2020-04-16

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摘要

本试验旨在研究不同饲粮消化能水平在高温高湿饲养环境下对生长肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标和肉品质的影响，以确定生长肥育猪适宜的消化能水平。选取平均初始体重为（40.0±2.0）kg的健康"杜×长×大"生长猪50头，随机分为5个组，每个组10个重复（7头公猪，3头母猪），每个重复1头猪。5个组试验猪分别饲喂消化能水平为13.68、13.88、14.09、14.30和14.51 MJ/kg的饲粮，试验期为90 d。结果表明：1）在高温高湿环境下，随着饲粮消化能水平的提高，试验猪生长期、育肥期及试验全期的平均日采食量呈下降趋势，而平均日增重（ADG）呈先升高后降低、料重比呈先降低后升高的趋势。猪生长期和全期的ADG与饲粮消化能水平的曲线方程分别为Y1=-878.02X2+24 708.94X-173 289.53（R2=0.69，P<0.01）和Y2=-436.56X2+12 276.96X-85 600.33（R2=0.54，P<0.05），当ADG达到最大时，对应的饲粮消化能水平分别为14.07和14.06 MJ/kg。2）饲粮消化能水平对生长肥育猪血清总蛋白、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和免疫球蛋白G含量存在显著影响（P<0.05），并且以14.09 MJ/kg消化能组最高（P<0.05）。3）饲粮消化能水平对生长肥育猪血清脂蛋白脂肪酶、脂肪酶（LPS）活性分别有极显著（P<0.01）和显著性（P<0.05）影响，而对血清苹果酸脱氢酶活性以及脂联素和生长激素含量没有显著影响（P>0.05）；猪血清LPS活性与饲粮消化能水平的曲线方程为Y3=133.00X2-3 761.26X+26 664.78（R2=0.83，P<0.05），当血清LPS活性最低时，对应饲粮消化能水平为14.14 MJ/kg。4）随着饲粮消化能水平的提高，生长育肥猪的皮脂率显著提高（P<0.05），肌肉滴水损失和剪切力显著降低（P<0.05），并以14.09 MJ/kg消化能组的肉品质最优，其滴水损失和剪切力显著低于13.68 MJ/kg消化能组（P<0.05）；猪肉滴水损失和剪切力与饲粮消化能水平的曲线方程分别为Y4=0.70X2-19.92X+143.25（R2=0.96，P<0.05）和Y5=2.88X2-82.20X+590.36（R2=0.99，P<0.05），当肌肉滴水损失、剪切力达到最低时，对应的饲粮消化能水平分别为14.23和14.27 MJ/kg。

关键词： 高温高湿; 生长肥育猪; 消化能; 生长性能; 血清生化指标; 肉品质

本文引用格式

杨薇 , 龙定彪 , 王浩 , 刘作华 , 兰云贤 , 蒲施桦 . 高温高湿环境下饲粮能量水平对生长肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标和肉品质的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(4) : 1605 -1615 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.04.018

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary digestive energy (DE) levels on growth performance, serum biochemical indices and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs in high temperature and high humidity environment, in order to determine the appropriate DE level in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 50 healthy Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire growing pigs with an average initial body weight of (40.0±2.0) kg were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 replicates in each group (7 barrows and 3 gilts) and 1 pig per replicate. Pigs in five groups were fed diets with DE levels of 13.68, 13.88, 14.09, 14.30 and 14.51 MJ/kg, respectively. The test period was 90 days. The results showed as follows:1) in the high temperature and high humidity environment, with the increase of DE level, the average daily feed intake of the pigs in growing period, finishing period and the whole period showed a downward trend, while the average daily gain (ADG) increased first and then decreased and the feed to gain ratio decreased first and then increased. The curve equations between ADG of pigs in growth period and the whole period and dietary DE level were Y1=-878.02X2+24 708.94X-173 289.53 (R2=0.69, P<0.01) and Y2=-436.56X2+12 276.96X-85 600.33 (R2=0.54, P<0.05), respectively; when the ADG reached the maximum, the corresponding dietary DE level was 14.07 and 14.06 MJ/kg, respectively. 2) Dietary DE level had significant effects on serum contents of total protein, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and immunoglobulin G (IgG) of growing-finishing pigs (P<0.05), and with the highest values in the 14.09 MJ/kg DE group (P<0.05). 3) Dietary DE level had extremely significant effect on serum lipoprotein lipase activity (P<0.01) and significant effect on serum lipase (LPS) activity (P<0.05), respectively, but had no significant effects on serum malate dehydrogenase activity and contents of adiponectin and growth hormone (P>0.05) of growing-finishing pigs. The curve equation between serum LPS activity of pigs and dietary DE level was Y3=133.00X2-3 761.26X+26 664.78 (R2=0.83, P<0.05), when the serum LPS activity was the lowest, the corresponding DE level was 14.14 MJ/kg. 4) With the increase of dietary DE level, the sebum rate of growing-finishing pigs increased significantly (P<0.05), and the muscle drip loss and shear force decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the meat quality of the 14.09 MJ/kg DE group was the best, and the drip loss and shear force were significantly lower than those of 13.68 MJ/kg DE group (P<0.05). The curve equations between pork drip loss, shear force and dietary DE level were Y4=0.70X2-19.92X+143.25 (R2=0.96, P<0.05) and Y5=2.88X2-82.20X+590.36 (R2=0.99, P<0.05), when the muscle drip loss and the shear force were at minimum, the corresponding dietary DE level was 14.23 and 14.27 MJ/kg, respectively.

Key words： high temperature and high humidity; growing-finishing pigs; digestive energy; grwoth performance; serum biochemical indices; meat quality

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