不同蛋白质源组合代乳品对荷斯坦公犊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和屠宰性能的影响

杨磊; 刘云龙; 屠焰; 马延鑫; 付彤; 毕研亮; 刁其玉; 成述儒

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.05.031

动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 5: 2218 - 2227

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.05.031

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

不同蛋白质源组合代乳品对荷斯坦公犊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和屠宰性能的影响

杨磊 ,
刘云龙 ,
屠焰 ,
马延鑫 ,
付彤 ,
毕研亮 ,
刁其玉 ,
成述儒

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1. 甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院, 兰州 730070;
2. 中国农业科学院饲料研究所, 奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081;
3. 河南农业大学牧医工程学院, 郑州 450002

杨磊(1994-),男,甘肃会宁人,硕士研究生,从事动物遗传育种与繁殖专业研究。E-mail:1782620979@qq.com

收稿日期: 2019-11-23

网络出版日期: 2020-05-15

基金资助

奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队（BAIC06-2019）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程（CAAS-ASTIP-2017-FRI-04）；中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项“基于双蛋白应用的犊牛羔羊配方代乳品关键技术开发与应用”（Y2018YJ08-3）

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Effects of Different Protein Source Combination Milk Replacers on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Slaughter Performance of Holstein Calves

YANG Lei ,
LIU Yunlong ,
TU Yan ,
MA Yanxin ,
FU Tong ,
BI Yanliang ,
DIAO Qiyu ,
CHENG Shuru

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1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
3. College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China

Received date: 2019-11-23

Online published: 2020-05-15

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摘要

本试验旨在研究不同蛋白质源组合代乳品对荷斯坦公犊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和屠宰性能的影响。将64头新生荷斯坦公犊随机分为4组，每组16头，分别饲喂4种不同蛋白质源组合代乳品，代乳品蛋白质源主要为乳源蛋白（MP）、大豆分离蛋白（SPI）、大米分离蛋白（RPI）、小麦水解蛋白（WPH）。各组代乳品中蛋白质源组合如下：A组，30%MP+70%SPI；B组，30%MP+40%SPI+20%RPI+10%WPH；C组，30%MP+10%SPI+20%RPI+40%WPH；D组，30%MP+10%SPI+40%RPI+20%WPH。试验期63 d。犊牛于7、28、56日龄晨饲前进行体重及体尺指标测量，在28~34日龄及57~63日龄进行2期消化代谢试验，64日龄时进行屠宰试验。结果显示：1）28日龄时，各组之间体重和体尺指标差异均不显著（P>0.05）；56日龄时，B组犊牛体重、十字部高、腹围显著高于A组（P<0.05）；29~42日龄时，B组饲料转化率显著优于A组（P<0.05）。2）28日龄时，A组粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于C和D组（P<0.05）；56日龄时，A组粗蛋白质表观消化率有显著高于B组的趋势（P=0.065）；干物质、粗蛋白质表观消化率随日龄的增加而升高。3）各组犊牛屠宰率及器官指数无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述，在本试验条件下，30%MP+40%SPI+20%RPI+10%WPH组合代乳品（总蛋白质中，球蛋白、谷蛋白、清蛋白、醇溶蛋白的比例分别为34%、18%、9%、4%）相较于其他蛋白质源组合代乳品可使犊牛获得更好的生长性能。

关键词： 犊牛; 蛋白质源组合; 代乳品; 生长性能; 营养物质表观消化率; 屠宰性能

本文引用格式

杨磊 , 刘云龙 , 屠焰 , 马延鑫 , 付彤 , 毕研亮 , 刁其玉 , 成述儒 . 不同蛋白质源组合代乳品对荷斯坦公犊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和屠宰性能的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(5) : 2218 -2227 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.05.031

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different protein source combination milk replacers on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility and slaughter performance of Holstein calves. Sixty newborn Holstein calves were randomly divided into 4 groups, and 16 calves in each group were fed 4 kinds of milk replacer with different protein source combinations. The protein sources were mainly milk protein (MP), soybean protein isolate (SPI), rice protein isolate (RPI) and wheat protein hydrolysate (WPH). The protein source combinations of milk replacer for 4 groups as follows:group A, 30% MP+70% SPI; group B, 30%MP+40%SPI+20%RPI+10%WPH; group C, 30%MP+10%SPI+20%RPI+40%WHP; group D, 30%MP+10%SPI+40%RPI+20%WHP. The test period was 63 days. Calves were measured for body weight and body size indices before morning feeding at the age of 7, 28 and 56 days. Two digestion and metabolism tests were carried out at the age of 28 to 34 days and 57 to 63 days. Slaughter tests were carried out at the age of 64 days. The results showed as follows:1) at 28 days of age, there were no significant differences in body weight and body size indices among the groups (P>0.05); at 56 days of age, the body weight, hip height and abdominal girth of calves in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (P<0.05). At the age of 29 to 42 days, the feed conversion ratio in group B was significantly better than that in group A (P<0.05). 2) At 28 days of age, the apparent digestibility of crude protein in group A was significantly higher than that in groups C and D (P<0.05). At 56 days of age, the apparent digestibility of crude protein in group A was higher than that in group B (P=0.065). The apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein increased with age increasing. 3) There were no significant differences in slaughter rate and organ indices among groups (P>0.05). To sum up, under the conditions of this experiment, the protein source combination of 30%MP+40%SPI+20%RPI+10%WPH (globulin, glutelin, albumin and prolamin account for 34%, 18%, 9% and 4% of the total protein, respectively) milk replacer has better growth performance than other protein source combination milk replacer.

Key words： calf; protein source combination; milk replacer; growth performance; nutrient apparent digestibility; slaughter performance

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