动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 5: 2228 - 2240

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.05.032

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

烟酸对热应激牦牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血液指标的影响

  • 王雪莹 ,
  • 王之盛 ,
  • 薛白 ,
  • 王立志 ,
  • 彭全辉 ,
  • 邹华围 ,
  • 祝伊枭 ,
  • 周芯宇 ,
  • 曹广 ,
  • 代秦丹 ,
  • 师俊华 ,
  • 汪成
展开
  • 四川农业大学动物营养研究所, 牛低碳养殖与安全生产重点实验室, 成都 611130
王雪莹(1994-),女,四川成都人,硕士研究生,研究方向为反刍动物营养。E-mail:451765027@qq.com

收稿日期: 2019-11-11

  网络出版日期: 2020-05-15

基金资助

国家现代农业（肉牛/牦牛）产业技术体系（CARS-37）

收起

Effects of Niacin on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Blood Indexes of Yak under Heat-Stress

  • WANG Xueying ,
  • WANG Zhisheng ,
  • XUE Bai ,
  • WANG Lizhi ,
  • PENG Quanhui ,
  • ZOU Huawei ,
  • ZHU Yixiao ,
  • ZHOU Xinyu ,
  • CAO Guang ,
  • DAI Qindan ,
  • SHI Junhua ,
  • WANG Cheng
Expand
  • Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

Received date: 2019-11-11

  Online published: 2020-05-15

Fold

摘要

本试验旨在研究烟酸对低海拔地区热应激麦洼牦牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血液指标的影响。选取1.5岁、体重[（222.00±16.65） kg]相近、健康的麦洼公牦牛12头，随机分为对照组和烟酸组，每组6个重复，每个重复1头牛。试验期为7、8、9月，对照组饲喂基础饲粮，烟酸组于8和9月时在基础饲粮中添加0.049 g/kg BW烟酸。预试期7 d，正试期90 d。结果表明：1）牛舍全期的温湿度指数（THI）>72，表明牦牛是处于热应激环境，8月THI显著高于7和9月（P<0.05），9月THI显著低于7和8月（P<0.05）。2）7~8月，随着热应激强度的升高，对照组牦牛呼吸频率显著升高（P>0.05），烟酸组牦牛呼吸频率并未显著升高（P>0.05）；与对照组相比，烟酸组牦牛血清中热休克蛋白70、促肾上腺皮质激素和皮质醇含量显著下降（P<0.05），牦牛应激反应有所减轻。3）8月，烟酸组牦牛干物质采食量和平均日增重显著高于对照组（P<0.05），瘤胃pH显著低于对照组，瘤胃氨态氮含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05），同时随着9月热应激强度的降低，烟酸组牦牛瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和氨态氮含量均显著升高（P<0.05）。4）8月，与对照组相比，添加烟酸显著提高粗脂肪和粗蛋白质表观消化率（P<0.05）。5）8~9月，添加烟酸可使牦牛全血中红细胞分布宽度变异系数、白细胞数及血清白细胞介素-1β和肿瘤坏死因子-α含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05），全血平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量和血小板分布宽度显著高于对照组（P<0.05），缓解了机体所需的血氧供应和炎症发生。综上所述，添加烟酸可降低牦牛的热应激反应，提高牦牛在低海拔地区的热适应性。添加烟酸后能提高热应激牦牛的营养物质消化率，改善机体血红细胞适应血氧供给，降低炎症反应，保证其在热应激期的生长。

关键词： 热应激; 牦牛; 烟酸; 生长性能; 营养物质表观消化率; 血液指标

本文引用格式

王雪莹 , 王之盛 , 薛白 , 王立志 , 彭全辉 , 邹华围 , 祝伊枭 , 周芯宇 , 曹广 , 代秦丹 , 师俊华 , 汪成 . 烟酸对热应激牦牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血液指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(5) : 2228 -2240 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.05.032

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of niacin on the growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility and blood indexes of yak under heat-stress fattening at low-altitudes. Twelve healthy male Maiwa yaks with similar body weight of (222.00±16.65) kg at 1.5 years of age were selected, divided into control group and niacin group, with 6 replicates in each group and 1 yak in each replicate. The experiment period was July, August and September. The control group were fed a basal diet, and niacin group were fed the basal diet added 0.049 g/kg BW niacin in August and September. The experiment had a 7-day-adaption period and a 90-day test period. The results showed as follows:1) the temperature-humidity index (THI) in barn during whole period was more than 72, which indicated that the yak were under heat stress, THI in August was significantly higher than that in July and September (P<0.05), and THI in September was significantly lower than that in July and August (P<0.05). 2) With the increase of heat stress intensity from July to August, the respiratory rate of yak in control group increased significantly (P<0.05), but the respiratory rate did not significantly increase in niacin group (P>0.05); compared with the control group, the contents of heat shock protein 70, adrenocortical hormone and cortisol in the niacin group significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the stress response of yak was reduced. 3) Adding niacin significantly increased the dry matter intake and average daily gain in August (P<0.05), the rumen pH was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), the ammonia nitrogen content was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), the contents of total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen in the niacin group significantly increased with the decrease of heat stress in September (P<0.05). 4) Adding niacin increased significantly the apparent digestibility of crude fat and crude protein in August (P<0.05). 5) From August to September, adding niacin significantly decreased the variation coefficient of red blood cell distribution width in whole blood, white blood cell count, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α compared with the control group (P<0.05), and the average red blood cell volume, mean red blood cell hemoglobin content and platelet distribution width were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), relieving the blood oxygen supply and inflammation. In conclusion, adding niacin can reduce the heat and humidity stress of yak, and improve the thermal adaptability of yak in low-altitude agricultural areas. The addition of niacin can improve the digestibility of nutrients in the yak during the heat stress period, improve the body's red blood cells to adapt to blood oxygen supply, reduce inflammation, and ensure the growth during the heat stress period.

Key words： heat stress; yak; niacin; growth performance; nutrient apparent digestibility; blood indexes

参考文献

[1] 吴发莉,王之盛,杨勤,等.甘南碌曲和合作地区冬夏季高寒天然牧草生产特性、营养成分和饲用价值分析[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):31-38.
[2] ATRIAN P,SHAHRYAR H A.Heat stress in dairy cows (a review)[J].Research in Zoology,2012,2(4):31-37.
[3] LI G F,ALI I S,CURRIE R W.Insulin induces myocardial protection and Hsp70 localization to plasma membranes in rat hearts[J].American Journal of Physiology:Heart and Circulatory Physiology,2006,291(4):H1709-H1721.
[4] LIAO Y P,HU R,WANG Z S,et al.Metabolomics profiling of serum and urine in three beef cattle breeds revealed different levels of tolerance to heat stress[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2018,66(26):6926-6935.  
[5] 张灿.湿热应激对藏绵羊和山羊生产性能、瘤胃发酵及血液生化指标影响的比较研究[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2016.
[6] CHAMBERLAIN J.The effects of nicotinic acid supplementation during late-gestation on lipolysis and feed intake during the transition period[D].Master Thesis.Corvallis:Oregon State University,2006.
[7] NOAA.Livestock hot weather stress.Operations manual letter C-31-76[Z].Kansas City:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,1976.
[8] SCHARF B,LEONARD M J,WEABER R L,et al.Determinants of bovine thermal response to heat and solar radiation exposures in a field environment[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2011,55(4):469-480.  
[9] 温雅俐,杜瑞平,高民,等.热应激对奶牛采食、消化和生产性能的影响[J]中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(15):85-89.
[10] 屯妮萨·麦提赛伊迪,阿里娅古丽·依布热依木,阿依沙依拉,等.碱性次氯酸钠-苯酚分光光度法测定甲醇处理的瘤胃液中氨态氮浓度[J].新疆农业科学,2012,49(3):179-184.
[11] LI Y L,MENG Q X.Effect of different types of fibre supplemented with sunflower oil on ruminal fermentation and production of conjugated linoleic acids in vitro[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2006,60(5):402-411.  
[12] DI COSTANZO A,SPAIN J N,SPIERS D E.Supplementation of nicotinic acid for lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1997,80(6):1200-1206.  
[13] 杨耐德,黄晓亮,高振华,等.烟酸对热应激奶牛营养物质表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2010(12):20-23.
[14] BYERS F M.Another look at niacin[J].Animal Nutrition Health,1981,36(6):36.
[15] 鲁琳,许曾曾,赵凤茹,等.不同蛋白质饲料原料对瘤胃发酵参数和营养物质降解率的影响[J].中国奶牛,2007(5):10-13.
[16] 樊艳华,孙海洲,桑丹,等.不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,5l(1):28-32.
[17] KHONGDEE S,CHAIYABUTR N,HINCH G,et al.Effects of evaporative cooling on reproductive performance and milk production of dairy cows in hot wet conditions[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2006,50(5):253-257.  
[18] BEEDE D K,COLLIER R J.Potential nutritional strategies for intensively managed cattle during thermal stress[J].Journal of Animal Science,1986,62(2):543-554.  
[19] 张健,蒋永清,邵涛.奶牛热应激机理及其营养调控研究进展[J].畜牧与兽医,2009,41(2):88-92.
[20] 许朝芳,扬再云.烟酸对瘤胃微生物代谢的影响[J].中国饲料,2002(22):8-10.
[21] DOREAU M,OTTOU J F.Influence of niacin supplementation on in vivo digestibility and ruminal digestion in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1996,79(12):2247-2254.  
[22] HALL M B.Heat stress alters ruminal fermentation and digesta characteristics,and behavior in lactating dairy cattle[C]//CHILLIARD Y,GLASSER F,FAULCONNIER Y,et al.Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology.France:Clermont-Ferrand,2009:204-205.
[23] 王灿宇,刘明珠,瞿明仁等.玉米-豆粕-稻草型日粮中添加烟酸对锦江黄牛瘤胃体外发酵的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2013,45(10):42-44.
[24] DREOSTI I E.Niain and its role as a nutrient have been studied for over 50 years with special emphasis on its conversion[J].Journal of Food and Nutrition,1984,41:126-134.
[25] 郭江汀.中国荷斯坦牛CCL3基因遗传多态性与其耐热性的关联分析[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[26] 韩旭.牦牛、藏黄牛低氧适应的血红蛋白相关生理及分子机制[D].硕士学位论文.昆明:云南农业大学,2015.
[27] WU B J,YAN L,CHARLTON F,et al.Evidence that niacin inhibits acute vascular inflammation and improves endothelial dysfunction independent of changes in plasma lipids[J].Arteriosclerosis,Thrombosis,and Vascular Biology,2010,30(5):968-975.  
[28] BOUCHAMA A,ROBERTS G,AL MOHANNA F,et al.Inflammatory,hemostatic,and clinical changes in a baboon experimental model for heatstroke[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,2005,98(2):697-705.  
[29] LEON L R,BLAHA M D,DUBOSE D A.Time course of cytokine,corticosterone,and tissue injury responses in mice during heat strain recovery[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,2006,100(4):1400-1409.  
[30] MADER T L,DAVIS M S,BROWN-BRANDL T.Environmental factors influencing heat stress in feedlot cattle[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(3):712-719.  
[31] GANJI S H,KASHYAP M L,KAMANNA V S.Niacin inhibits fat accumulation,oxidative stress,and inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in cultured hepatocytes:impact on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[J].Metabolism,2015,64(9):982-990.  
[32] ZHOU E S,LI Y M,YAO M J,et al.Niacin attenuates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced mouse alveolar macrophages by HCA2 dependent mechanisms[J].International Immunopharmacology,2014,23(1):121-126.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2