动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 8: 3750 - 3759

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.08.034

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

牦牛妊娠后期能量和蛋白质维持需要量的研究

  • 潘浩 ,
  • 聂召龙 ,
  • 王通 ,
  • 刘书杰 ,
  • 孙璐 ,
  • 杨其恩 ,
  • 冯宇哲 ,
  • 崔占鸿
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  • 1. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心, 青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室, 西宁 810016;
    2. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810008
潘浩(1993-),男,河南三门峡人,硕士研究生,从事反刍动物营养研究。E-mail:644826414@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-02-24

  网络出版日期: 2020-08-13

基金资助

国家重点研发计划课题"典型高寒草地的适应性恢复原理及实现途径"子课题"牦牛和藏绵羊母畜能量与蛋白质营养需要量的研究"（2016YFC0501805）；青海省科技厅项目（2020-ZJ-911）；中国科学院"西部之光"西部青年学者A类（3-4）

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A Study on Energy and Protein Maintenance Requirements of Yaks during Late Pregnancy

  • PAN Hao ,
  • NIE Zhaolong ,
  • WANG Tong ,
  • LIU Shujie ,
  • SUN Lu ,
  • YANG Qien ,
  • FENG Yuzhe ,
  • CUI Zhanhong
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  • 1. Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Yak Engineering Technology Research Center in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences in Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
    2. China Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China

Received date: 2020-02-24

  Online published: 2020-08-13

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摘要

本试验旨在研究牦牛妊娠后期能量和蛋白质的维持需要量，为牦牛饲养标准的建立提供基础参数。利用随机分组设计将15头体重相近、经同期发情处理并本交配种的妊娠牦牛随机分为3组（每组5头牛），分别按自由采食（AL组）、80%采食量（IR80组）和60%采食量（IR60组）3个饲养水平进行饲喂。每组各选3头牦牛在妊娠180~185 d和210~215 d时进行2期消化代谢试验，在妊娠186~190 d和216~220 d时进行2期气体代谢试验，测定其碳代谢指标（食入碳、粪碳、尿碳、甲烷碳、二氧化碳碳）、能量代谢指标（食入总能、粪能、尿能、甲烷能）和氮代谢指标[食入氮（NI）、粪氮、尿氮]，计算得出沉积氮（NR）、代谢能采食量（MEI）和能量沉积量（ER），通过回归分析得出牦牛妊娠后期维持净蛋白质和维持代谢能需要量。结果显示：牦牛妊娠180和210 d时NI[g/（kg W0.75·d）]与NR[g/（kg W0.75·d）]的回归方程分别为NR=1.046（±0.18）NI-0.600（±0.09）和NR=1.065（±0.15）NI-0.611（±0.07），其纵坐标截距即为维持净氮需要量，乘以系数6.25即为维持净蛋白质需要量；牦牛妊娠180和210 d时MEI[kJ/（kg W0.75·d）]与ER[kJ/（kg W0.75·d）]的回归方程分别为ER=1.722（±0.55）MEI-755.760（±184.19）和ER=0.988（±0.25）MEI-534.870（±87.35），当ER=0时的MEI即为其维持代谢能需要量。由回归方程得出，牦牛妊娠180和210 d时维持净蛋白质需要量分别为3.75和3.82 g/（kg W0.75·d），维持代谢能需要量分别为438.81和541.64 kJ/（kg W0.75·d）。

关键词： 牦牛; 妊娠后期; 能量; 蛋白质; 维持需要量

本文引用格式

潘浩 , 聂召龙 , 王通 , 刘书杰 , 孙璐 , 杨其恩 , 冯宇哲 , 崔占鸿 . 牦牛妊娠后期能量和蛋白质维持需要量的研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(8) : 3750 -3759 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.08.034

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the energy and protein maintenance requirements of yak during late pregnancy, and the results were provided to supplement and perfect basic parameters of yak feeding standard. Fifteen healthy pregnancy yaks treated for estrus synchronization and natural service, and then randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 yaks in each group. The feeding levels of the 3 groups were ad libitum (AL group), 80% ad libitum intake (IR80 group) and 60% ad libitum intake (IR60 group), respectively. Three yaks were selected in each group to conduct the digestion and metabolism test and gas exchange test. Two periods of digestion and metabolism test in yaks were studied on 180 to 185 d and 210 to 215 d of pregnancy and two periods of gas exchange test in yaks were studied on 186 to 190 d and 216 to 220 d of pregnancy. The carbon metabolism indicators (carbon intake, fecal carbon, urinary carbon, methane carbon and carbon dioxide carbon), energy metabolism indicators (total energy intake, fecal energy, urine energy and methane energy) and nitrogen metabolism indicators[nitrogen intake (NI), fecal nitrogen, urine nitrogen] were measured to calculate nitrogen retention (NR), metabolic energy intake (MEI) and energy retention (ER). Through regression analysis, the net protein requirement and metabolic energy requirement for maintenance of yaks during late pregnancy could be calculated. The results showed as follows:the regression equations between NI[g/(kg W0.75·d)] and NR[g/(kg W0.75·d)] on the 180 and 210 d of pregnancy were NR=1.046(±0.18)NI-0.600(±0.09) and NR=1.065(±0.15)NI-0.611(±0.07), respectively. The ordinate intercept was the maintenance net nitrogen requirement of yaks, and the maintenance net protein requirement could be calculated by multiplying the factor 6.25. The regression equations between MEI[kJ/(kg W0.75·d)] and ER[kJ/(kg W0.75·d)] on the 180 and 210 d of pregnancy were ER=1.722(±0.55)MEI-755.760(±184.19) and ER=0.988(±0.25)MEI-534.870(±87.35), respectively. When ER=0, the value of MEI was the requirement of maintenance metabolic energy for yaks. From the above regression equations, we can conclude that the requirements of maintenance net protein for yaks on the 180 and 210 d of pregnancy are 3.75 and 3.82 g/(kg W0.75·d), respectively, and the requirements of maintenance metabolic energy for yaks on the 180 and 210 d of pregnancy are 438.81 and 541.64 kJ/(kg W0.75·d), respectively.

Key words： yaks; late pregnancy; energy; protein; maintenance requirement

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