饲粮蛋白质水平对断奶羔羊瘤胃组织形态及微生物群落结构与功能的影响

李海琴; 贾建磊; 陈倩; 侯生珍; 桂林生

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.11.038

动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 11: 5331 - 5340

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.11.038

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

饲粮蛋白质水平对断奶羔羊瘤胃组织形态及微生物群落结构与功能的影响

李海琴 ,
贾建磊 ,
陈倩 ,
侯生珍 ,
桂林生

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青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016

李海琴(1995-),女,青海西宁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与饲料。E-mail:1109328650@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-05-07

网络出版日期: 2020-11-16

基金资助

青海省农牧科技创新羊产业科技研发平台（QNKP-2017-06-01）

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Effects of Dietary Protein Level on Rumen Morphology, Microbial Community Structure and Function of Weaned Lambs

LI Haiqin ,
JIA Jianlei ,
CHEN Qian ,
HOU Shengzhen ,
GUI Linsheng

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College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

Received date: 2020-05-07

Online published: 2020-11-16

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮蛋白质水平对断奶羔羊瘤胃组织形态及微生物群落结构与功能的影响。选择体重[（3.17±4.52）kg]相近的青海省海东地区小尾寒羊双胎羔羊120只，饲养至50日龄断奶，随机分为3组，每组40只。各组分别饲喂蛋白质水平为12%（Ⅰ组）、14%（Ⅱ组）、16%（Ⅲ组）的试验饲粮。试验期40 d。结果表明：1）Ⅱ组平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ组（P<0.05）。2）Ⅰ组瘤胃乳头宽度显著低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P<0.05），Ⅱ组瘤胃乳头密度、肌层厚度均高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05），Ⅰ组角质层厚度显著高于Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。3）在科水平下，瘤胃菌科（Ruminococcaceae）、毛螺菌科（Lachnospiraceae）、克里斯滕森菌科（Christensenellaceae）、韦荣氏球菌科（Veillonellaceae）为各组的优势物种。Ⅲ组Ruminococcaceae的相对丰度显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05），Ⅲ组Lachnospiracea的相对丰度显著高于Ⅱ组（P<0.05），Ⅱ组普雷沃氏菌科（Prevotellaceae）、拟杆菌门BS11群（Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group）、理研菌科（Rikenellaceae）的相对丰度显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ组（P<0.05）。4）16S rDNA基因功能预测发现，羔羊瘤胃微生物群落功能主要集中在碳水化合物代谢。综上所述，在饲粮蛋白质水平为14%时，羔羊平均日增重最高，瘤胃组织发育较好，瘤胃发育趋于完善，瘤胃中有益微生物群落的相对丰度较高，瘤胃微生物区系结构得到改善，有助于促进羔羊的生长发育。

关键词： 羔羊; 蛋白质水平; 瘤胃组织形态; 微生物群落

本文引用格式

李海琴 , 贾建磊 , 陈倩 , 侯生珍 , 桂林生 . 饲粮蛋白质水平对断奶羔羊瘤胃组织形态及微生物群落结构与功能的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(11) : 5331 -5340 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.11.038

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary protein level on rumen morphology, microbial community structure and function of weaned lambs. A total of 120 small tailed Han sheep twin lambs in Haidong area of Qinghai province with a similar body weight of [(3.17±4.52) kg] were selected, lambs were weaned at 50 days of age and randomly divided into 3 groups with 40 lambs per group. Lambs in each group were fed experimental diets with protein levels of 12% (group Ⅰ), 14% (group Ⅱ) and 16% (group Ⅲ), respectively. The experiment lasted for 40 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the average daily gain of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05). 2) The rumen papillary width of group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.05), the rumen papillary density and muscular layer thickness of group Ⅱ were significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ (P<0.05), and the rumen stratum corneum thickness of group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.05). 3) At the family level, the dominant species of each group were Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Christensenellaceae and Veillonellaceae. The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05), the relative abundance of Lachnospiracea of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.05), and the relative abundances of Prevotellaceae, Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group and Rikenellaceae of group Ⅱ were significantly higher than those of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05). 4) The prediction of 16S rDNA gene function showed that rumen microbial community function of lambs mainly focused on carbohydrate metabolism. In conclusion, when the dietary protein level is 14%, the average daily gain of lambs is the highest, the rumen tissue develops well, the rumen development tends to perfect, the relative abundances of beneficial microbial community are higher, the rumen microflora structure is improve, and it conducive to promote the growth and development of lambs.

Key words： lambs; protein level; rumen morphology; microbial community

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