动物营养学报 >

2021 , Vol. 33 >Issue 2: 792 - 801

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.02.020

禽营养与饲料 POULTRY NUTRITION AND FEED

低蛋白质饲粮添加载锌蒙脱石对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育和肠道组织形态的影响

  • 秦士贞 ,
  • 王海波 ,
  • 李金录 ,
  • 马晓东 ,
  • 裴文刚 ,
  • 杨敏敏 ,
  • 武真邑 ,
  • 车育彦 ,
  • 龚莉媛 ,
  • 史兆国
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  • 甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院, 兰州 730070
秦士贞(1988-),女,甘肃平川人,讲师,博士,研究方向为家禽分子营养。E-mail:qinshizhen@163.com

收稿日期: 2020-07-13

  网络出版日期: 2021-02-04

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（03119023）；甘肃农业大学人才专项经费（2017RCZX-18）；甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目（20JR5RA013）；甘肃省现代农业产业技术体系猪鸡产业岗位（GARS-ZJ-2）

收起

Effects of Low Protein Diet Supplemented with Zinc-Montmorillonite on Growth Performance, Immune Organ Development and Intestinal Tissue Morphology of Broilers

  • QIN Shizhen ,
  • WANG Haibo ,
  • LI Jinlu ,
  • MA Xiaodong ,
  • PAI Wengang ,
  • YANG Minmin ,
  • WU Zhenyi ,
  • CHE Yuyan ,
  • GONG Liyuan ,
  • SHI Zhaoguo
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  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received date: 2020-07-13

  Online published: 2021-02-04

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摘要

本试验旨在研究低蛋白质饲粮添加载锌蒙脱石（Zn-MMT）对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育和肠道组织形态的影响。随机选择1日龄健康科宝公雏288只，按体重一致原则随机分成6个组，每组6个重复，每个重复8只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型低蛋白质基础饲粮，正对照组[硫酸锌（ZnSO4）组]饲喂低蛋白质基础饲粮+40 mg/kg ZnSO4，4个试验组分别在低蛋白质基础饲粮中添加20、40、60和80 mg/kg Zn-MMT （均以锌含量计算）。试验鸡自由采食和饮水，试验期为42 d。结果表明：1）与对照组和ZnSO4组相比，低蛋白质饲粮添加60和80 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡1~21日龄平均日增重（ADG，P<0.05），添加80 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡1~21日龄料重比（F/G，P<0.05）；添加Zn-MMT对肉鸡22~42日龄和1~42日龄ADG、平均日采食量和F/G以及1~21日龄ADG无显著影响（P>0.05）。2）与对照组相比，低蛋白质饲粮添加Zn-MMT对肉鸡21和42日龄免疫器官指数无显著影响（P>0.05）；但与ZnSO4组相比，低蛋白质饲粮添加Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡21日龄胸腺指数和法氏囊指数（P<0.05），且添加80 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡42日龄胸腺指数（P<0.05）。3）与对照组相比，低蛋白质饲粮添加20和60 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡42日龄腿比率（P<0.05）；与ZnSO4组相比，低蛋白质饲粮添加Zn-MMT对肉鸡屠宰性能无显著影响（P>0.05）。4）与对照组相比，低蛋白质饲粮添加40和60 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡十二指肠隐窝深度（CD，P<0.05），且添加60 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡空肠CD （P<0.05）；添加20 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡回肠CD （P<0.05），并显著提高肉鸡回肠绒毛高度（VH）/CD （V/C）值（P<0.05）；同时，添加80 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡空肠V/C值（P<0.05）。与ZnSO4组相比，低蛋白质饲粮添加20 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡回肠V/C值（P<0.05），并显著降低回肠CD （P<0.05）；添加40 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡空肠VH （P<0.05），并显著降低肉鸡十二指肠CD （P<0.05）；添加20和60 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡空肠CD （P<0.05）；添加20、40和60 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡空肠V/C值（P<0.05）。综上所述，在低蛋白质饲粮中添加Zn-MMT对肉鸡后期生长性能无显著影响，但与添加ZnSO4相比，可显著提高肉鸡免疫器官指数，提高小肠VH和V/C值，降低小肠CD，促进肉鸡肠道发育。

关键词： 载锌蒙脱石; 低蛋白质; 肉鸡; 生长性能; 肠道发育; 免疫

本文引用格式

秦士贞 , 王海波 , 李金录 , 马晓东 , 裴文刚 , 杨敏敏 , 武真邑 , 车育彦 , 龚莉媛 , 史兆国 . 低蛋白质饲粮添加载锌蒙脱石对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育和肠道组织形态的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(2) : 792 -801 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.02.020

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of low protein diet supplemented with zinc-montmorillonite (Zn-MMT) on growth performance, immune organ development and intestinal tissue morphology of broilers. A total of two hundred and eighty-eight 1-day-old male Cobb broilers with similar body weight were randomly assigned into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 8 broilers per replicate. The broilers in the control group were fed a corn-soybean meal type low protein basal diet, those in the positive control group [zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) group] were fed the basal diet supplemented with 40 mg/kg ZnSO4, and those in the four experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 20, 40, 60 and 80 Zn-MMT (in terms of zinc content), respectively. The chickens were free to feed and drink, and the experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group and ZnSO4 group, low protein diets supplemented with 60 and 80 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly reduced the average daily gain (ADG) of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age (P<0.05), and dietary 80 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly increased the feed to gain ratio (F/G) of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age (P<0.05). Dietary Zn-MMT had no significant effects on the ADG, average daily feed intake and F/G of broilers from 22 to 42 and 1 to 42 days of age as well as the ADG of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age (P>0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, low protein diets supplemented with Zn-MMT had no significant effects on immune organ index of broilers at 21 and 42 days of age (P>0.05). While compared with the ZnSO4 group, low protein diets supplemented with Zn-MMT significantly increased the thymus index and bursa of Fabricius index of broilers at 21 days of age (P<0.05), and dietary 80 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly increased the thymus index of broilers at 42 days of age (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, low protein diets supplemented with 20 and 60 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly increased the leg percentage of broilers at 42 days of age (P<0.05), however, compared with the ZnSO4 group, low protein diets supplemented with Zn-MMT had no significant effects on slaughter performance of broilers at 42 days of age (P>0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, low protein diets supplemented with 40 and 60 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly reduced the crypt depth (CD) in duodenum of broilers (P<0.05), and dietary 60 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly reduced the CD in jejunum of broilers (P<0.05); dietary 20 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly reduced the CD in ileum of broilers and significantly increased the ratio of villus height (VH) to CD (V/C) in ileum of broilers (P<0.05); meanwhile, dietary 80 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly reduced the V/C in jejunum of broilers (P<0.05). Compared with the ZnSO4 group, low protein diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly increased the V/C in ileum of broilers and significantly decreased the CD in ileum of broilers (P<0.05); dietary 40 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly increased the VH in jejunum of broilers and significantly reduced the CD in duodenum of broilers (P<0.05); dietary 20 and 60 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly reduced the CD in jejunum of broilers (P<0.05); at the same time, dietary 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg Zn-MMT significantly increased the V/C in jejunum of broilers (P<0.05). To sum up, low protein diets supplemented with Zn-MMT have no significant effect on the growth performance of broilers in later growth stage, but compared to the ZnSO4 supplementation, dietary Zn-MMT can significantly increase the small intestinal VH and V/C, decrease the small intestinal CD, and promote the intestine development of broilers.

Key words： znic-montmorillonite; low protein; broilers; growth performance; intestine development; immune

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