禽营养与饲料 POULTRY NUTRITION AND FEED

不同种类油脂对雏鸡机体ω-6/ω-3值、生长性能、内脏指数、养分表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响

  • 王飞扬 ,
  • 田川尧 ,
  • 蔡锋隆 ,
  • 李留安 ,
  • 杨华 ,
  • 张建斌
展开
  • 1. 天津农学院动物科学与动物医学学院, 天津市农业动物繁育与健康养殖重点实验室, 天津 300384;
    2. 天津市广源畜禽养殖有限公司, 天津 301824
王飞扬(1997-),男,湖北公安人,硕士研究生,畜牧专业。E-mail:wangfeiyang9709@gmail.com

收稿日期: 2020-07-21

  网络出版日期: 2021-02-04

基金资助

天津市"131"创新型人才团队建设项目(20160318);天津市科技重大专项与工程项目(18ZXBFNC00310,20ZYCGSN00300)

Effects of Different Kinds of Oil on Body ω-6/ω-3 Value, Growth Performance, Visceral Indexes, Nutrient Apparent Metabolic Rates and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Chickens

  • WANG Feiyang ,
  • TIAN Chuanyao ,
  • CAI Fenglong ,
  • LI Liuan ,
  • YANG Hua ,
  • ZHANG Jianbin
Expand
  • 1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China;
    2. Tianjin Guangyuan Livestock and Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd., Tianjin 301824, China

Received date: 2020-07-21

  Online published: 2021-02-04

Supported by

 

摘要

本试验旨在研究不同种类油脂对雏鸡机体ω-6/ω-3值、生长性能、内脏指数、养分表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响。选取1日龄雌性罗斯(Ross)褐壳蛋鸡200只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只。对照组(C组)在基础饲粮中添加1.500%豆油,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加1.155%鱼油+0.345%豆油(Ⅰ组)、0.495%亚麻籽油+1.005%豆油(Ⅱ组)和0.525%紫苏籽油+0.975%豆油(Ⅲ组)。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组机体ω-6/ω-3值显著低于C组(P<0.05)。2)各组之间平均日增重、平均日采食量、胫长、管围均无显著差异(P>0.05)。Ⅰ组料重比与C组差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组体斜长显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。3)各组之间心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、胃、法氏囊指数以及肠道总长无显著差异(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组肺脏指数显著低于C组(P<0.05)。4)各组之间有机物、粗蛋白质、钙、磷、粗纤维、粗脂肪表观代谢率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。C组干物质表观代谢率显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。5)各组之间血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性及尿素(UREA)、总蛋白(TP)、免疫球蛋白G (IgG)、甘油三酯(TG)含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。Ⅲ组血清总胆固醇(TCHO)含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加鱼油、紫苏籽油、亚麻籽油可显著改善雏鸡机体ω-6/ω-3值,但对雏鸡的生长性能、内脏指数、养分表观代谢率及血清生化指标无明显影响。

本文引用格式

王飞扬 , 田川尧 , 蔡锋隆 , 李留安 , 杨华 , 张建斌 . 不同种类油脂对雏鸡机体ω-6/ω-3值、生长性能、内脏指数、养分表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(2) : 841 -849 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.02.025

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different kinds of oil on body ω-6/ω-3 value, growth performance, visceral indexes, nutrient apparent metabolic rates and serum biochemical indexes of chickens. A total of 200 one-day-old female Ross brown shell laying hens were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates in each group and 10 chickens in each replicate. The control group (group C) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.500% soybean oil, and the experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 1.155% fish oil+0.345% soybean oil (group Ⅰ), 0.495% linseed oil+1.005% soybean oil (group Ⅱ) and 0.525% perilla seed oil+0.975% soybean oil (group Ⅲ), respectively. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows 1) the body ω-6/ω-3 value of groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of group C (P<0.05). 2) There were no significant differences in average daily gain, average daily feed intake, tibial length and pipe girth among all groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in feed to gain ratio between group Ⅰ and group C (P>0.05), but the feed to gain ratio of group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.05). The body oblique length of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05). 3) There were no significant differences in the indexes of heart, liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, bursa of Fabricius and total intestinal length among all groups (P>0.05). The lung index of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of group C (P<0.05). 4) There were no significant differences in apparent metabolic rates of organic matter, crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, crude fiber and crude fat among all groups (P>0.05). The dry matter apparent metabolic rate of group C was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). 5) There were no significant differences in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the contents of urea (UREA), total protein (TP), immunoglobulin G (IgG), triglyceride (TG) in serum among all groups (P>0.05). The serum total cholesterol (TCHO) content of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), and the serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) content of group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). Therefore, dietary fish oil, perilla seed oil and flaxseed oil can significantly improve the body ω-6/ω-3 value of chickens, but have no obvious effects on growth performance, visceral indexes, nutrient apparent metabolic rates and serum biochemical indexes of chickens.

参考文献

[1] WIKTOROWSKA-OWCZAREK A,BEREZIŃSKA M,NOWAK J Z.PUFAs:structures,metabolism and functions[J].Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine,2015,24(6):931-941.  
[2] GOGUS U,SMITH C.n-3 omega fatty acids:a review of current knowledge[J].International Journal of Food Science & Technology,2010,45(3):417-436.  
[3] MESSAMORE E,ALMEIDA D M,JANDACEK R J,et al.Polyunsaturated fatty acids and recurrent mood disorders:phenomenology,mechanisms,and clinical application[J].Progress in Lipid Research,2017,66:1-3.
[4] TELLE-HANSEN V H,GAUNDAL L,MYHRSTAD M C W.Polyunsaturated fatty acids and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes[J].Nutrients,2019,11(5):1067.
[5] CALDER P C,GRIMBLE R F.Polyunsaturated fatty acids,inflammation and immunity[J].European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2002,56(Suppl.3):S14-S19.
[6] BIRD J K,CALDER P C,EGGERSDORFER M.The role of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiovascular disease prevention,and interactions with statins[J].Nutrients,2018,10(6):775.
[7] 尹云厚,陈宁宁,常雷,等.多不饱和脂肪酸的研究与应用现状[J].经济动物学报,2017,21(1):58-62. YI Y H,CHANG N,CHANG L,et al.Current status on the research and development of polyunsaturated acids[J].Journal of Economic Animal,2017,21(1):58-62.(in Chinese)
[8] 陈彩锐,李丽华,韩美娜,等.ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸血脂调节研究动态[J].食品安全导刊,2015(27):170-172. CHEN C R, LI L H, HAN M N, et al.Research progress on lipid regulation of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids[J].China Food Safety Magazine,2015(27):168-170.(in Chinese)
[9] SKIBA G,POŁAWSKA E,SOBOL M,et al.Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids metabolism pathways in the body of pigs fed diets with different sources of fatty acids[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2015,69(1):1-16.  
[10] JANG H,PARK K.Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and metabolic syndrome:a systematic review and Meta-analysis[J].Clinical Nutrition,2020,39(3):765-773.  
[11] 张坚,孟丽苹,姜元荣,等.中国成人膳食脂肪酸摄入和食物来源状况分析[J].营养学报,2009,31(5):424-427. ZHANG J,MENG L P,JIANG Y R,et al.The dietary fatty acids intakes and their food sources among Chinese adults[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinice,2009,31(5):424-427.(in Chinese)
[12] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会.WS/T 578.1-2017中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量第1部分:宏量营养素[S].北京:中国营养学会,2018. National Health and Family Planning Commission of PRC.WS/T 578.1-2017 Reference intake of dietary nutrients for Chinese residents (macronutrients)[S].Beijing:Chinese Nutrition Society,2018.(in Chinese)
[13] 李莎莎,李先德.我国居民鸡蛋消费需求与未来趋势[J].中国家禽,2018,40(17):1-7. LI S, LI X D.Demand and trend of Chinese residents egg consumption[J].China Poultry,2018,40(17):1-7.(in Chinese)
[14] 王雪.亚麻油与棕榈油的混合添加及亚麻籽对绒山羊体组织n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸生成的影响及机理[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2019. WANG X.The effect and mechanism of dietary supplementation with a combination of linseed and palm oils or linseed grain on the synthesis of n-3long-chain polyunsaturated fatty[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Huhehaote:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2019.(in Chinese)
[15] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.GB 5009.168-2016食品安全国家标准食品中脂肪酸的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017. National Health and Family Planning Commission of PRC,China Food and Drug Administration.GB 5009.168-2016 Determination of fatty acids in national food safety standard[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2017.(in Chinese)
[16] 姜雅慧,卜登攀,杨红建,等.不饱和脂肪酸在瘤胃氢化的微生物学机制研究进展[J].华北农学报,2015,30(增刊):376-382. JIANG Y H,BU D P,YANG H J,et al.The advance research of the microbial mechanism of unsaturated fatty acid in rumen[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2015,30(Suppl.):376-382.(in Chinese)
[17] 姜淑贞,杨在宾,杨维仁,等.瘤胃脂肪酸代谢研究进展[J].黄牛杂志,2001,27(4):40-42,74. JIANG S Z,YANG Z B,YANG W R,et al.Advance in the mechanism of fatty acids metabolism in rumen[J].Journal of Yellow Cattle Science,2001,27(4):40-42,74.(in Chinese)
[18] 王顺合.ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸在肠道内的分布、机体吸收和抗炎症作用[D].硕士学位论文.无锡:江南大学,2015. WANG S H.The distribution of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the gut, the absorption in the body and anti-inflammatory effects[D].Master's Thesis.Wuxi:Jiangnan University,2015.(in Chinese)
[19] PARVAR R,GHOORCHI T,SHARGH M S.Influence of dietary oils on performance,blood metabolites,purine derivatives,cellulase activity and muscle fatty acid composition in fattening lambs[J].Small Ruminant Research,2017,150:22-29.
[20] NAJAFI M H,ZEINOALDINI S,GANJKHANLOU M,et al.Performance,carcass traits,muscle fatty acid composition and meat sensory properties of male Mahabadi goat kids fed palm oil,soybean oil or fish oil[J].Meat Science,2012,92(4):848-854.  
[21] ROY A,MANDAL G P,PATRA A K.Evaluating the performance,carcass traits and conjugated linoleic acid content in muscle and adipose tissues of black Bengal goats fed soybean oil and sunflower oil[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,185(1/2):43-52.
[22] TORAL P G,BELENGUER A,FRUTOS P,et al.Effect of the supplementation of a high-concentrate diet with sunflower and fish oils on ruminal fermentation in sheep[J].Small Ruminant Research,2009,81(2/3):119-125.
[23] FERREIRA E M,PIRES A V,SUSIN I,et al.Growth,feed intake,carcass characteristics,and meat fatty acid profile of lambs fed soybean oil partially replaced by fish oil blend[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,187:9-18.
[24] 刘武,王定发,程蕾,等.亚麻籽对肉鸭生产水平、鸭肉ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量和血液生化指标的影响[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2017(5):53-55. LIU W, WANG D F, CHENG L, et al.Effects of flaxseed on production level, content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and blood biochemical indexes of meat ducks[J].Shanghai Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2017(5):53-55.(in Chinese)
[25] LEE S P S,DART A M,WALKER K Z,et al.Effect of altering dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio on cardiovascular risk measures in patients treated with statins:a pilot study[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2012,108(7):1280-1285.  
[26] 钟伟,张婷,罗婧,等.饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸配比对北极狐冬毛期体脂沉积、体脂肪酸组成及血液生化指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2017,48(6):1054-1065. ZHONG W,ZHANG T,LUO J,et al. Effects of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio on the body fat deposition, body fatty acid composition and serum biochemical parameters in male arctic foxes during the winter fur-growing period[J].Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2017,48(6):1054-1065.(in Chinese)
[27] 汪鲲.n-3多不饱和脂肪酸在蛋黄和组织中的富集规律及其对产蛋鸡脂类代谢的影响[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2000. WANG K.n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid enrichment in the egg yolk and tissues and its effect on lipid metabolism of laying hens[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2000.(in Chinese)
文章导航

/