动物营养学报 >

2021 , Vol. 33 >Issue 9: 4966 - 4979

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.09.017

禽营养与饲料 POULTRY NUTRITION AND FEED

饲粮钙水平和饲喂方式对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋壳质量和钙代谢的影响

  • 张倚剑 ,
  • 施寿荣 ,
  • 胡艳 ,
  • 姚宏 ,
  • 刘良基 ,
  • 张倩雲 ,
  • 童海兵 ,
  • 梁明振
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  • 1. 广西大学动物科学技术学院, 南宁 530000;
    2. 中国农业科学院家禽研究所, 扬州 225000
张倚剑(1995-),男,安徽安庆人,硕士研究生,从事动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:1030171434@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-02-23

  网络出版日期: 2021-09-18

基金资助

江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目[JATS（2020）357]；"和丰和"广西重点研发计划（2020AB25012）；国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD050130201）

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Effects of Dietary Calcium Level and Feeding Mode on Performance, Eggshell Quality and Calcium Metabolism of Laying Hens in Late Laying Period

  • ZHANG Yijian ,
  • SHI Shourong ,
  • HU Yan ,
  • YAO Hong ,
  • LIU Liangji ,
  • ZHANG Qianyun ,
  • TONG Haibing ,
  • LIANG Mingzhen
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  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China;
    2. Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225000, China

Received date: 2021-02-23

  Online published: 2021-09-18

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摘要

本试验旨在研究一种不均衡饲喂方式对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能和蛋壳质量的影响，并通过检测血浆、粪便和胫骨钙含量的变化来解释该方式对蛋壳质量产生影响的原因。试验选取288只70周龄、体况健康的海兰褐蛋鸡，随机分为4个组，每组6个重复，每个重复12只鸡。正常钙水平常规饲喂方式组（NCA组）和正常钙水平不均衡饲喂方式组（NCD组）饲喂钙含量为3.5%的正常钙水平饲粮，低钙水平常规饲喂方式组（LCA组）和低钙水平不均衡饲喂方式组（LCD组）饲喂钙含量为3.0%的低钙水平饲粮；其中，NCA组和LCA组每天08：00和14：00平均投喂全天耗料量的饲粮，NCD组和LCD组每天08：00和14：00分别投喂全天耗料总量1/3和2/3的饲粮。试验预试期1周，正试期8周。结果表明，与常规饲喂方式相比：1）不均衡饲喂方式显著降低产蛋后期蛋鸡平均日采食量和料蛋比（P<0.05），而对产蛋率和平均蛋重无显著影响（P>0.05）。2）不均衡饲喂方式显著提高蛋壳厚度、蛋壳重量和壳重比（P<0.05）。3）不均衡饲喂方式能够显著提高蛋鸡夜间胫骨钙含量（P<0.05），并且有提高胫骨骨密度的趋势（P=0.060）。4）不均衡饲喂有降低蛋鸡粪便中钙含量的趋势（P=0.075），在蛋壳钙沉积上与饲粮钙水平存在显著交互作用（P<0.05）。由此可见，采用不均衡饲喂方式能够提高产蛋后期蛋鸡产蛋性能，降低骨钙动员，并且通过提高蛋鸡夜间对饲粮中钙的利用来促进蛋壳钙沉积，改善蛋壳质量。

关键词： 产蛋后期; 生产性能; 蛋壳质量; 不均衡饲喂

本文引用格式

张倚剑 , 施寿荣 , 胡艳 , 姚宏 , 刘良基 , 张倩雲 , 童海兵 , 梁明振 . 饲粮钙水平和饲喂方式对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋壳质量和钙代谢的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(9) : 4966 -4979 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.09.017

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of a disequilibrium feeding mode on the performance and eggshell quality of laying hens in the late laying period, and to explain the effect of this method on eggshell quality by detecting the changes of calcium content in plasma, feces and tibia. A total of 288 healthy Hy-Line brown laying hens aged 70 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 12 hens per replicate. Laying hens in normal calcium level and regular feeding mode group (NCA group) and normal calcium level and disequilibrium feeding mode group (NCD group) were fed the normal calcium level diet containing 3.5% calcium, while those in low calcium level and regular feeding mode group (LCA group) and low calcium level and disequilibrium feeding mode group (LCD group) were fed the low calcium level diet containing 3.0% calcium. Among them, NCA group and LCA group were fed the whole-day feed consumption averagely at 08:00 and 14:00 every day, while NCD group and LCD group were fed 1/3 and 2/3 of the total whole-day feed consumption at 08:00 and 14:00, respectively. The pre-trial period lasted for 1 week and the experimental period lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed as follows, compared with the regular feeding mode:1) the disequilibrium feeding mode significantly decreased the average daily feed intake and feed to egg ratio of laying hens (P<0.05), but did not significantly affect the laying rate and average egg weight (P>0.05). 2) The disequilibrium feeding mode significantly increased the eggshell thickness, eggshell weight and shell weight percentage (P<0.05). 3) The disequilibrium feeding mode significantly increased the calcium content in tibia of laying hens at night (P<0.05), and had a tendency to increase the bone density of tibia (P=0.060). 4) The disequilibrium feeding mode had a tendency to decrease the calcium content in feces of laying hens (P=0.075), and there was a significant interaction on eggshell calcium deposition between the disequilibrium feeding mode and the dietary calcium level (P<0.05). In conclusion, it can be seen that the disequilibrium feeding mode can improve the laying performance of laying hens in late laying period, reduce the mobilization of bone calcium, promote the calcium deposition in eggshell and improve the eggshell quality by increasing the utilization of calcium in diet at night.

Key words： late laying period; performance; eggshell quality; disequilibrium feeding

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