反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

西藏作物秸秆营养成分及体外发酵特性比较研究

  • 鲍宇红 ,
  • 李锦扬 ,
  • 普布卓玛 ,
  • 罗增 ,
  • 参木友
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  • 1. 西藏自治区农牧科学院, 省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室, 拉萨 850000;
    2. 西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所, 拉萨 850000;
    3. 南京农业大学草业学院饲草调制加工与贮藏研究所, 南京 210095
鲍宇红(1984-),女,内蒙古赤峰人,副研究员,硕士,从事反刍动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:baoke626@163.com

收稿日期: 2021-02-10

  网络出版日期: 2021-09-18

基金资助

西藏自治区科技厅重点研发项目西藏农作物秸秆综合利用技术集成与示范(XZ201901NB07);国家肉牛牦牛产业体系拉萨综合试验站(CARS-37);国家重点研发计划牦牛营养平衡饲养关键技术应用与示范——不同养殖模式的营养供给途径比较研究(2018YFD0502301)

Comparison of Nutrient Composition and in Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Straws in Tibet

  • BAO Yuhong ,
  • LI Jinyang ,
  • Pubuzhuoma ,
  • LUO Zeng ,
  • CAN Muyou
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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement of Tibetan Barley and Yak, TAR Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China;
    2. Institute of Grass Science, TAR Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China;
    3. Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

Received date: 2021-02-10

  Online published: 2021-09-18

Supported by

 

摘要

本试验旨在比较西藏作物秸秆营养成分及体外发酵特性。本研究从西藏不同地区采集箭筈豌豆、黑豌豆、草木樨、紫花苜蓿和雪莎5种豆科秸秆和玉米、青稞、油菜、小麦和燕麦等12种禾本科秸秆,分别分析其粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)和纤维组分等营养成分和体外发酵特性。结果表明:5种豆科秸秆中山南紫花苜蓿秸秆CP含量最高,达到24.6%,而取自山南的黑青稞秸秆CP含量达12.10%,为禾本科秸秆中最高;黑豌豆和雪莎秸秆EE含量显著高于其他3种豆科秸秆(P<0.05),取自林芝的油菜秸秆EE和Ash含量最高;箭筈豌豆秸秆含有最高的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量,而黑豌豆秸秆ADF含量最低;取自林芝的冬青科秸秆NDF和ADF含量最高,显著高于其他秸秆(P<0.05)。取自日喀则的燕麦秸秆ADL含量最高,显著高于其他秸秆(P<0.05)。5种豆科秸秆中箭筈豌豆和黑豌豆秸秆体外瘤胃发酵液中总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量最高,而取自林芝的青稞秸秆体外瘤胃发酵液中TVFA含量为12种禾本科秸秆最高。紫花苜蓿、黑豌豆和草木樨3种豆科秸秆和取自林芝的燕麦秸秆48 h产气量分别显著高于其他豆科和禾本科秸秆(P<0.05)。因此,取自西藏不同地区的豆科秸秆和禾本科秸秆营养成分和体外发酵特性存在显著差异,但综合比较,豆科秸秆中取自山南的紫花苜蓿秸秆营养价值最佳,而禾本科秸秆中取自林芝的青稞和燕麦秸秆营养价值最佳。

本文引用格式

鲍宇红 , 李锦扬 , 普布卓玛 , 罗增 , 参木友 . 西藏作物秸秆营养成分及体外发酵特性比较研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(9) : 4980 -4988 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.09.018

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to compare the nutrient composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics of straws in Tibet. This study collected Vicia sativa, Pisum sativum, Melilotusdentatus, Medicago sativa and Xuesha five kinds of legume straw and corn, hullessbarley, oilseed rape, wheat and oats, such as 12 kinds of gramineae straw, respectively, from different locations in Tibet, and analyzed nutrient components of the crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash and fibre components, and in vitro fermentation characteristics. The results showed that Medicago sativa straw of Shannan had the highest CP content (24.6%) among 5 legume straws and the CP content (12.10%) of black hullessbarley straws from Shannan was the highest among 12 gramineous straws. The EE contents of Pisum sativum and Xuesha straw were significantly higher than those of the other 3 legume straws (P<0.05), while the EE and Ash contents of oilseed rape straw from Nyingchi were the highest; Vicia sativa had the highest neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents, while Pisum sativum had the lowest ADF content; aquifoliaceae straw from Nyingchi had the highest NDF and ADF contents, which was significantly higher than that of other straws (P<0.05). The oat straw from Nyingchi had the highest ADL content, which was significantly higher than that of other straws (P<0.05). Among the 5 leguminous straws, the content of total volatile fat acids (TVFA) in the rumen fluid of Vicia sativa and Pisum sativum was the highest, while that of hullessbarley from Nyingchi was the highest among 12 gramineous straws. The gas production after 48 h in vitro fermentation of Medicago sativa, Pisum sativum and Melilotusdentatus were significantly higher than that of other legume straws (P<0.05), and oat straws from Nyingchi had significantly higher gas production than those of other gramineous straws (P<0.05). Thus, there are significant differences in nutrient composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics among legume straws and gramineous straws from different Tibet regions. The Medicago sativa from Shannan shows the highest nutritional value among 5 legume straws and the nutritional value of hullessbarley and oat straw from Nyingchi are better than that of other gramineous straws.

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