动物营养学报 >

2021 , Vol. 33 >Issue 9: 5064 - 5075

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.09.027

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

玉米秸秆黄贮为主型粗饲料的饲粮能量水平对西门塔尔杂交牛生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

  • 白大洋 ,
  • 温媛媛 ,
  • 李艺 ,
  • 张杰 ,
  • 许利民 ,
  • 李妍 ,
  • 李建国 ,
  • 李秋凤 ,
  • 曹玉凤 ,
  • 高艳霞 ,
  • 丁宁
展开
  • 1. 河北农业大学动物科技学院, 保定 071000;
    2. 唐山市食品药品综合检验检测中心, 唐山 063000;
    3. 天津嘉立荷第一奶牛分公司, 天津 301800;
    4. 隆化县农牧局, 隆化 068150;
    5. 河北农业大学动物医学院, 保定 071001
白大洋(1992-),男,河南睢县人,硕士研究生,研究方向为反刍动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:1063662397@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-02-22

  网络出版日期: 2021-09-18

基金资助

公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503134）；国家现代农业产业技术体系；河北省现代产业技术体系肉牛创新团队（HBCT2018130202）

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Effects of Dietary Energy Levels of Main Diet of Corn Stalk Silage on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Simmental Crossbred Cattle

  • BAI Dayang ,
  • WEN Yuanyuan ,
  • LI Yi ,
  • ZHANG Jie ,
  • XU Limin ,
  • LI Yan ,
  • LI Jianguo ,
  • LI Qiufeng ,
  • CAO Yufeng ,
  • GAO Yanxia ,
  • DING Ning
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  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China;
    2. Tangshan Food and Drug Comprehensive Testing Center, Tangshan 063000, China;
    3. Tianjin Jialihe First Dairy Company, Tianjin 301800, China;
    4. Longhua Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau, Longhua 068150, China;
    5. College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China

Received date: 2021-02-22

  Online published: 2021-09-18

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摘要

本试验旨在探究玉米秸秆黄贮为主型粗饲料的饲粮能量水平对西门塔尔杂交牛生长性能、养分代谢、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选择体况良好、体重相近的西门塔尔杂交牛45头，采用单因素试验设计，随机分成3组，每组15个重复，每个重复1头牛。试验分为前、中、后3个阶段，饲喂3种不同饲粮。前期：各组饲粮粗蛋白质水平均为12.0%，综合净能分别为6.27（Ⅰ组）、6.38（Ⅱ组）和6.48 MJ/kg（Ⅲ组）；中期：各组饲粮粗蛋白质水平均为11.6%，综合净能分别为6.43（Ⅰ组）、6.53（Ⅱ组）和6.63 MJ/kg（Ⅲ组）；后期：各组饲粮粗蛋白质水平均为11.0%，综合净能分别为6.70（Ⅰ组）、6.80（Ⅱ组）和6.90 MJ/kg（Ⅲ组）。试验期137 d，其中预试期15 d，正试期122 d，栓系饲养。结果表明：1）Ⅱ组平均日增重最高，分别较Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组提高了7.91%（P>0.05）和11.11%（P<0.05）。2）Ⅱ组粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组，但未达到显著水平（P>0.05）。3）Ⅱ组干物质采食量最高，较Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组分别提高2.06%（P>0.05）和6.75%（P<0.05）；Ⅱ组料重比最低，增重收入和养殖效益最高。4）与Ⅰ组相比，Ⅲ组血清胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著增加（P<0.05）。5）饲粮能量水平对各组屠宰率、净肉率、肉骨比和眼肌面积无显著影响（P>0.05），背膘厚度随饲粮能量水平增加显著提高（P<0.05）。6）Ⅲ组背最长肌的剪切力、系水能力和肉色最低，但各组间无显著差异（P>0.05）。7）随着饲粮能量水平的提高，背最长肌中的粗脂肪含量逐渐上升，但未达到显著差异水平（P>0.05）。综述所述，以玉米秸秆黄贮为主型粗饲料对西门塔尔杂交牛育肥，中能量水平组的平均日增重最高，料重比最低，经济效益最高。在本试验条件下，适宜的能量和粗蛋白质水平为：前期，肉牛综合净能6.38 MJ/kg，粗蛋白质12.0%；中期，肉牛综合净能6.53 MJ/kg，粗蛋白质11.6%；后期，肉牛综合净能6.80 MJ/kg，粗蛋白质11.0%。

关键词： 西门塔尔杂交牛; 玉米秸秆黄贮为主型粗饲料饲粮; 能量水平; 生长性能; 屠宰性能; 肉品质

本文引用格式

白大洋 , 温媛媛 , 李艺 , 张杰 , 许利民 , 李妍 , 李建国 , 李秋凤 , 曹玉凤 , 高艳霞 , 丁宁 . 玉米秸秆黄贮为主型粗饲料的饲粮能量水平对西门塔尔杂交牛生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(9) : 5064 -5075 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.09.027

Abstract

This experiment was to explore the effects of energy levels of main diet of corn stalk silage on growth performance, nutrient metabolism, slaughter performance and meat quality of Simmental hybrid beef cattle. Forty-five Simmental hybrid bulls with good body and similar body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups by single factor. Experimental periods lasted for 137, the adaptation period lasted for 15 d, and the formal experiment period lasted for 122 d, respectively. The experiment was divided into three periods:pre-period, mid-period and last-period, respectively. In the pre-period:the level of crude protein in each group was 12.0%, and the comprehensive net energy of beef cattle were 6.27 (group Ⅰ), 6.38 (group Ⅱ) and 6.48 MJ/kg (group Ⅲ); mid-period:the level of crude protein in each group was 11.6%, and the comprehensive net energy were 6.43 (group Ⅰ), 6.53 (group Ⅱ) and 6.63 MJ/kg (group Ⅲ); last-period:the level of crude protein in each group was 11.0%, and the comprehensive net energy of beef cattle were 6.70 (group Ⅰ), 6.80 (group Ⅱ) and 6.90 MJ/kg (group Ⅲ). The results showed as follows:1) the average daily gain of group Ⅱ was the highest, increased by 7.91% (P>0.05) and 11.11% (P<0.05) compared with group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ, respectively. 2) The apparent digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber increased first and then decreased with the increase of dietary energy level, but did not reach significant level (P>0.05). 3) The dry matter intake of group Ⅱ was the highest, which was 2.06% and 6.75% higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P>0.05).The feed to weight ratio of group Ⅱ was the lowest, and the income of weight gain and breeding benefit were the highest. 4) Compared with group Ⅰ, the serum contents of cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol of group Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05). 5) Dietary energy level had no significant effect on slaughter rate, net meat rate, meat bone ratio and eye muscle area (P>0.05), but the backfat thickness increased significantly with the increase of feed energy (P<0.05). 6) With the increase of energy level in the diet, the shear force, water binding capacity and meat color of the longissimus muscle of group Ⅲ were the lowest, but had no significant difference (P>0.05). 7) As the energy level in the diet increased, the fat content of the longissimus muscle of back of the Simmental hybrid bull gradually increased, but did not reach significant difference(P>0.05). Under the experimental conditions, main diet of corn stalk silage is used to fatten Simmental crossbred cattle, the average daily gain is the highest, the feed to weight ratio is the lowest, and the economic benefit is the highest. The appropriate energy and protein levels are as follows:pre-period, net energy is 6.38 MJ/kg and crude protein is 12.0%, mid-period, net energy is 6.53% and crude protein is 11.6%, last-period, net energy is 6.80 MJ/kg and crude protein is 11.0%.

Key words： Simmental hybrid bull; main roughage diet of corn stalk silage; energy level; growth performance; slaughter performance; meat quality

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