动物营养学报 >

2021 , Vol. 33 >Issue 9: 5203 - 5218

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.09.040

水产动物营养与饲料 AQUATIC ANIMAL NUTRITION AND FEED

低盐胁迫下饲料中添加α-硫辛酸对凡纳滨对虾生长、抗氧化能力及肠道健康的影响

  • 符振强 ,
  • 董扬帆 ,
  • 汤上上 ,
  • 周利 ,
  • 徐畅 ,
  • 李二超
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  • 海南大学海洋学院, 海南省水产种业工程研究中心, 海南省热带水生生物技术重点实验室, 海口 570228
符振强(1996-),男,海南儋州人,硕士研究生,从事水产动物营养研究。E-mail:zhenqiangfu@foxmail.com

收稿日期: 2021-01-08

  网络出版日期: 2021-09-18

基金资助

广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2020B0202010001）；国家自然科学基金（32060832）；海南省重点研发计划（ZDYF2019068）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0900400）；海南大学科研启动基金（KYQD（ZR）1736）

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Effects of Dietary α-Lipoic Acid on Growth, Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Health of Litopenaeus vannamei under Low Salinity Stress

  • FU Zhenqiang ,
  • DONG Yangfan ,
  • TANG Shangshang ,
  • ZHOU Li ,
  • XU Chang ,
  • LI Erchao
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  • Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

Received date: 2021-01-08

  Online published: 2021-09-18

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摘要

本试验旨在探究低盐胁迫下饲料中添加α-硫辛酸（α-LA）对凡纳滨对虾生长、抗氧化能力及肠道健康的影响。选取初始体重为（0.061±0.005）g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾1 000尾，随机分为5组，每组4个重复，每个重复50尾幼虾。试验设置2个对照组（25‰海水对照组和3‰低盐对照组），投喂基础饲料；试验组在3‰盐度下分别投喂添加0.3、0.6、1.2 g/kg α-LA的试验饲料。试验期8周。结果表明：1）3‰低盐对照组的存活率极显著低于25‰海水对照组（P<0.01），显著低于1.2 g/kg α-LA组（P<0.05）。3‰低盐对照组和0.3、0.6、1.2 g/kg α-LA组的肝体指数均显著低于25‰海水对照组（P<0.05）。1.2 g/kg α-LA组的肥满度显著低于3‰低盐对照组和25‰海水对照组（P<0.05）。2）与3‰低盐对照组相比，1.2 g/kg α-LA组的肝胰腺丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P<0.05），0.6、1.2 g/kg α-LA组的肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著升高（P<0.05），1.2 g/kg α-LA组的肝胰腺乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性显著降低（P<0.05）。3）1.2 g/kg α-LA组的肠道菌群Simpson和Shannon指数显著低于25‰海水对照组（P<0.05），显著高于3‰低盐对照组（P<0.05）；1.2 g/kg α-LA组的肠道菌群Chao1和ACE指数显著或极显著高于25‰海水对照组和3‰低盐对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。4）与25‰海水对照组相比，3‰低盐对照组的肠道中拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）相对丰度显著升高（P<0.05），肠道中变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和梭杆菌门（Fusobacteria）相对丰度显著降低（P<0.05）；1.2 g/kg α-LA组的肠道中黄杆菌属（Flavobacterium）、Actibacter、Tropicimonas、Shinella相对丰度显著升高（P<0.05）。与3‰低盐对照组相比，1.2 g/kg α-LA组的肠道中厚壁菌门、放线菌门相对丰度显著升高（P<0.05），肠道中黄杆菌属、Shinella和Actibacter相对丰度显著升高（P<0.05）。5）属水平肠道微生物丰度热图聚类分析结果表明，与3‰低盐对照组相比，1.2 g/kg α-LA组的肠道中Tenacibaculum、红杆菌属（Rhodobacter）、墨氏菌属（Rheinheimera）相对丰度显著降低（P<0.05），肠道中Donghicola、Haloferula、Marivita等菌属相对丰度显著升高（P<0.05）。通过PICRUSt预测的大多数肠道微生物显著差异基因与机体新陈代谢途径有关，与3‰低盐对照组相比，1.2 g/kg α-LA组的肠道微生物编码的基因中与加压素调节的水重吸收、FcγR介导的吞噬作用以及胞吞作用有关的代谢途径显著富集（P<0.05）。由此可见，α-LA可以作为饲料添加剂帮助凡纳滨对虾应对低盐度胁迫。

关键词： 低盐胁迫; α-硫辛酸; 凡纳滨对虾; 抗氧化; 肠道菌群分析

本文引用格式

符振强 , 董扬帆 , 汤上上 , 周利 , 徐畅 , 李二超 . 低盐胁迫下饲料中添加α-硫辛酸对凡纳滨对虾生长、抗氧化能力及肠道健康的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(9) : 5203 -5218 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.09.040

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary α-lipoic acid (α-LA) on growth, antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of Litopenaeus vannamei under Low Salinity Stress. A total of 1 000 juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei with initial body weight of (0.061±0.005) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 50 juvenile shrimp in each replicate. Two control groups (25‰ seawater control group and 3‰ low salinity control group) were fed the basal feed, and the experimental groups were fed experimental diets which containing 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 g/kg α-LA at 3‰ salinity, respectively. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed as follows:1) the survival rate of 3‰ low salinity control group was significantly lower than that of 25‰ seawater control group (P<0.01), and significantly lower than that of 1.2 g/kg α-LA group (P<0.05). The hepatosomatic index of 3‰ low salinity control group and 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 g/kg α-LA groups was significantly lower than that of 25‰ seawater control group (P<0.05). The condition factor of 1.2 g/kg α-LA group was significantly lower than that of 3‰ low salinity control group and 25‰ seawater control group (P<0.05). 2) Compared with 3‰ low salinity control group, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatopancreas of 1.2 g/kg α-LA group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hepatopancreas of 0.6 and 1.2 g/kg α-LA groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in hepatopancreas of 1.2 g/kg α-LA group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) The intestinal flora Simpson and Shannon indexes of 1.2 g/kg α-LA group were significantly lower than that of 25‰ seawater control group (P<0.05), but significantly higher than that of 3‰ low salinity control group (P<0.05); the intestinal flora Chao1 and ACE indexes of 1.2 g/kg α-LA group was significantly higher than that of 25‰ seawater control group and 3‰ low salinity control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 4) Compared with 25‰ seawater control group, the relative abundance of Bacteroides in intestine of 3‰ low salinity control group was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria in intestine were significantly decreased (P<0.05); the relative abundances of Flavobacterium, Actibacter, Tropicimonas and Shinella in intestine of 1.2 g/kg α-LA group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with 3‰ low salinity control group, the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in intestine of 1.2 g/kg α-LA group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the relative abundances of Flavobacterium, Shinella and Actibacter in intestine were significantly increased (P<0.05). 5) The results of heat map cluster analysis of intestinal microbial abundance at genus level showed that compared with 3‰ low salinity control group, the relative abundances of Tenacibaculum, Rhodobacter and Rheinheimera in intestine of 1.2 g/kg α-LA group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the relative abundances of Donghicola, Haloferula, Marivita and other genus in intestine were significantly increased (P<0.05). Most of the significant differential genes of intestinal microorganisms predicted by PICRUSt were related to metabolic pathways, compared with 3‰ low salinity control group, the genes encoded by intestinal microorganisms of 1.2 g/kg α-LA group were significantly enriched in the metabolic pathways related to vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis and endocytosis. Thus it can be seen that α-LA can be used as a feed additive to help Litopenaeus vannamei cope with low salinity stress.

Key words： low salinity stress; α-lipoic acid; Litopenaeus vannamei; antioxidation; intestinal flora analysis

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