动物营养学报 >

2022 , Vol. 34 >Issue 1: 311 - 320

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.01.029

研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

甘氨酸和铁及其络合物对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能和蛋壳品质的影响

  • 索菲娅 ,
  • 马秋刚 ,
  • 张建云 ,
  • 赵丽红 ,
  • 计成
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  • 1. 山西省运城市畜牧兽医发展中心, 运城 044000;
    2. 中国农业大学动物科技学院, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193
索菲娅(1993-),女,山西运城人,硕士研究生,研究方向为家禽营养。E-mail:759164402@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-06-04

  网络出版日期: 2022-01-18

基金资助

国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-40-K08)

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Effects of Glycine and Iron and Their Complex on Performance and Eggshell Quality of Laying Hens in Late Laying Period

  • SUO Feiya ,
  • MA Qiugang ,
  • ZHANG Jianyun ,
  • ZHAO Lihong ,
  • JI Cheng
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  • 1. Shanxi Yuncheng Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Development Center, Yuncheng 044000, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2021-06-04

  Online published: 2022-01-18

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摘要

本试验通过比较甘氨酸、无机铁、甘氨酸-无机铁以及甘氨酸铁络合物对产蛋后期京红1号蛋鸡生产性能和蛋壳品质的影响，以期获得甘氨酸和铁的最适添加形式。选取58周龄健康的京红1号蛋鸡450只，随机分为5个组，每组6个重复，每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-杂粕型基础饲粮（添加60 mg/kg无机铁，铁总含量为269.30 mg/kg），试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮的基础上添加105 mg/kg甘氨酸（甘氨酸组）、85 mg/kg无机铁（无机铁组）、105 mg/kg甘氨酸+85 mg/kg无机铁（甘氨酸-无机铁组）以及含85 mg/kg铁和105 mg/kg甘氨酸的甘氨酸铁络合物（甘氨酸铁络合物组）的饲粮。试验预试期14 d，正试期21 d。结果表明：1）所有试验组蛋鸡日产蛋量均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。甘氨酸-无机铁组蛋鸡平均日采食量显著高于其他4组（P<0.05）。不同组间蛋鸡产蛋率、平均蛋重和料蛋比均无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）不同组间蛋壳强度、蛋形指数以及蛋壳和蛋黄比例均无显著差异（P>0.05）。甘氨酸铁络合物组和甘氨酸-无机铁组的蛋壳厚度显著高于其他组（P<0.05）。3）甘氨酸铁络合物组和甘氨酸-无机铁组蛋壳横断面致密度和平整性较好，乳突排列紧密，晶体层和栅栏层较为致密。正试期第21天，无机铁组蛋壳横断面有效乳突厚度显著高于甘氨酸组、甘氨酸-无机铁组以及甘氨酸铁络合物组（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，甘氨酸络合物组和甘氨酸-无机铁组蛋壳外表面裂纹较少；无机铁组蛋壳外表面疑似有铁盐结晶堆积。甘氨酸铁络合物组和甘氨酸-无机铁组蛋壳内表面纤维纹路清晰，层次分明有序，各纤维排列紧密；对照组、甘氨酸组和无机铁组蛋壳内表面纤维排列疏松，多碳酸钙晶体，有明显洞痕。综上所述，饲粮添加含85 mg/kg铁和105 mg/kg甘氨酸的甘氨酸-无机铁或甘氨酸铁络合物对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能无显著影响，但可以改善蛋壳品质。

关键词： 蛋鸡; 甘氨酸; 铁; 络合物; 生产性能; 蛋壳品质; 超微结构

本文引用格式

索菲娅 , 马秋刚 , 张建云 , 赵丽红 , 计成 . 甘氨酸和铁及其络合物对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能和蛋壳品质的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(1) : 311 -320 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.01.029

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of glycine, inorganic iron, glycine-inorganic iron and glycine chelated iron on performance and eggshell quality of Jinghong No.1 laying hens in late laying period, in order to obtain the most suitable addition form of glycine and iron. A total of 450 healthy Jinghong No.1 laying hens at 58 weeks of age were randomly allocated to 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 hens per replicate. Hens in the control group were fed a corn-miscellaneous meal basal diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg inorganic iron (total iron content was 269.30 mg/kg), and those in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 105 mg/kg glycine (glycine group), 85 mg/kg inorganic iron (inorganic iron group), 105 mg/kg glycine+85 mg/kg inorganic iron (glycine-inorganic iron group), and glycine chelated iron contained 85 mg/kg iron and 105 mg/kg glycine (glycine chelated iron group), respectively. The experiment lasted for 21 days after a 14-day adaption. The results showed as follows:1) the daily egg mass in all experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The average daily feed intake of laying hens in glycine-inorganic iron group was significantly higher than that in the other four groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in laying rate, average egg weight and feed to egg ratio among different groups (P>0.05). 2) There were no significant differences in eggshell strength, egg shape index and ratios of eggshell and yolk among different groups (P>0.05). The eggshell thickness in glycine chelated iron group and glycine-inorganic iron group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05). 3) The density and flatness of eggshell cross section in glycine chelated iron group and glycine-inorganic iron group were better, the mastoid was closely arranged, and the crystal layer and palisade layer were relatively dense. On day 21 of the experiment, the effective mastoid thickness in eggshell cross section in inorganic iron group was significantly higher than that in glycine group, glycine-inorganic iron group and glycine chelated iron group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, there were fewer cracks on eggshell external surface in glycine chelated iron group and glycine-inorganic iron group, and there was suspected accumulation of iron salt crystals on eggshell external surface in inorganic iron group. The fiber lines on eggshell inner surface in glycine chelated iron group and glycine-inorganic iron group were clear and orderly, and the fibers were closely arranged. In the control group, glycine group and inorganic iron group, the fiber arrangement on eggshell inner surface was loose, and there were many calcium carbonate crystals with obvious holes. In conclusion, dietary glycine-inorganic iron or glycine chelated iron containing 85 mg/kg iron and 105 mg/kg glycine has no significant effect on performance of laying hens in late laying period, but can improve eggshell quality.

Key words： hens; glycine; iron; complex; performance; eggshell quality; ultramicrostructure

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