[1] LORENZO C D,GARCÍA-GAGLIARDI P,ANTONIETTI M S,et al.Improvement of alfalfa forage quality and management through the down-regulation of MsFTa1[J].Plant Biotechnology Journal,2020,18(4):944-954.

[2] 张子仪.中国饲料学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000. ZHANG Z Y.Chinese feed science[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.(in Chinese)
[3] National Research Council.Nutrient requirements of swine[M].10th ed.Washington,D.C.:The National Academies Press,1998.
[4] MARCHIŞ I Z,LADOŞI D,OROIAN C,et al.Nutritional traits of silage produced from alfalfa (
Medicago sativa L.) cultivated using conventional technology versus organic technology in support of higher dairy productions[J].Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca,2018,46(2):435-439.

[5] 郝正里,王小阳,张容昶,等.畜禽营养与标准化饲养[M].北京:金盾出版社,2004. HAO Z L,WANG X Y,ZHANG R C,et al.Livestock and poultry nutrition and standardized feeding[M].Beijing:Jindun Publishing House,2004.(in Chinese)
[6] 李旭业,董扬,尤海洋,等.不同感官分级方法对全株玉米青贮饲料评价比较[J].现代畜牧科技,2017(3):1-3. LI X Y,DONG Y,YOU H Y,et al.Evaluation of whole plant corn silage by different sensory grading methods[J].Modern Animal Husbandry Science & Technology,2017(3):1-3.(in Chinese)
[7] 曹致中.草产品学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005. CAO Z Z.Herbalism[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[8] 张养东,杨军香,王宗伟,等.青贮饲料理化品质评定研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(12):37-42. ZHANG Y D,YANG J X,WANG Z W,et al.Progress assessment of chemical indicators of silage[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2016,52(12):37-42.(in Chinese)
[9] PAREDES J M,COTACALLAPA GUTIÉRREZ F H.Performance and nutritional quality of oats for the region of Puno[J].Journal of High Andean Research,2018,20(4):385-400.
[10] SNIFFEN C J,O'CONNOR J D,VAN SOEST P J,et al.A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets:Ⅱ.Carbohydrate and protein availability[J].Journal of Animal Science,1992,70(11):3562-3577.

[11] SCHAALJE G B,MVNDEL H H.Use of residual maximum likelihood to evaluate accuracy of two NIRS calibration procedures,relative to Kjeldahl,for determining nitrogen concentration of soybeans[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,1991,71(2):385-392.

[12] 严衍禄.近红外光谱分析基础与应用[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2005. YAN Y L.Fundamentals and applications of near infrared spectroscopy[M].Beijing:China Light Industry Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[13] ZHOU L J,ZHANG L Y,ZHANG E X,et al.Rapid determination of swine available energy and amino acids in corn distillers dried grains with solubles by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2012,175(3/4):198-202.
[14] CHEN P F,RONG Y P,HAN J G.Evaluation of fermentation character of alfalfa silage through near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2008,28(12):2799-2803.
[15] STUTH J,JAMA A,TOLLESON D.Direct and indirect means of predicting forage quality through near infrared reflectance spectroscopy[J].Field Crops Research,2003,84(1/2):45-56.
[16] NOUSIAINEN J,AHVENJÄRVI S,RINNE M,et al.Prediction of indigestible cell wall fraction of grass silage by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2004,115(3/4):295-311.
[17] SØRENSEN L K.Prediction of fermentation parameters in grass and corn silage by near infrared spectroscopy[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87(11):3826-3835.

[18] KAISER E,WEISS K.New realisations for the estimation of the ensiling potential of forages[M].[S.l.]:[s.n.],2004.
[19] 青贮饲料质量评定标准(试行)[J].中国饲料,1996(21):5-7. Silage quality evaluation standard (Trial)[J].China Feed,1996(21):5-7.(in Chinese)
[20] SHIMSHONI J A,CUNEAH O,SULYOK M,et al.Mycotoxins in corn and wheat silage in Israel[J].Food Additives & Contaminants.Part A,Chemistry,Analysis,Control,Exposure & Risk Assessment,2013,30(9):1614-1625.

[21] OGUNADE I M,MARTINEZ-TUPPIA C,QUEIROZ O C M,et al.Silage review:mycotoxins in silage:occurrence,effects,prevention,and mitigation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2018,101(5):4034-4059.

[22] TŘINÁCTÝ J,ŠIMEK M,HOMOLKA P.Nylon capsule method and alfalfa hay crude protein digestibility evaluation[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1999,79(4):269-278.

[23] QUIN J I,VAN DER WATH J G,MYBURGH S.Studies on the alimentary tract of Merino sheep in South Africa.Ⅳ.Description of experimental technique[J].Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry,1938,11(2):341-360.
[24] ØRSKOV E R,MCDONALD I.The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92(2):499-503.

[25] ØRSKOV E R,DEB HOVELL F D,MOULD F.The use of the nylon bag technique for the evaluation of feedstuffs[J].Tropical Animal Production,1980,5(3):195-213.
[26] 周安国,陈代文.动物营养学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010. ZHOU A G,CHEN D W.Animal nutrition[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[27] CARTER P R,SHEAFFER C C.Alfalfa response to soil water deficits.Ⅰ.Growth,forage quality,yield,water use,and water-use efficiency[J].Crop Science,1983,23(4):669-675.

[28] TILLEY J M A,TERRY R A.A two-stage technique for the
in vitro digestion of forage crops[J].Grass and Forage Science,1963,18(2):104-111.

[29] OZKUL H,SAYAN Y,POLAT M,et al.
In vitro parameters as predictors of metabolizable energy values of roughages[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2007,31(1):85-88.

[30] MOULD F L.Predicting feed quality-chemical analysis and
in vitro evaluation[J].Field Crops Research,2003,84(1/2):31-44.
[31] MURPHY J J,KENNELLY J J.Effect of protein concentration and protein source on the degradability of dry matter and protein
in situ[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1987,70(9):1841-1849.

[32] MENKE K H,RAAB L,SALEWSKI A,et al.The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor
in vitro[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,93(1):217-222.

[33] 陈亮.不同种类乳酸菌对奶牛瘤胃液体外发酵特性影响[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2014. CHEN L.Effects of different lactic acid bacteria on rumen
in vitro fermentation characteristics in dairy cattle[D].Master's Thesis.Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[34] 金恩望,周凌云,卜登攀,等.体外产气法在动物营养学中应用的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2012,39(10):128-133. JIN E W,ZHOU L Y,BU D P,et al.Research progress on the application of
in vitro gas production technology on animal nutrition[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2012,39(10):128-133.(in Chinese)
[35] 卢德勋.新版系统动物营养学导论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016. LU D X.An introduction to systems-nutrition of animals (2016 edition)[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2016.(in Chinese)
[36] THEODOROU M K,WILLIAMS B A,DHANOA M S,et al.A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1994,48(3/4):185-197.
[37] MAURICIO R M,MOULD F L,DHANOA M S,et al.A semi-automated
in vitro gas production technique for ruminant feedstuff evaluation[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1999,79(4):321-330.

[38] CONE J W,VAN GELDER A H,BACHMANN H.Influence of inoculum source on gas production profiles[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2002,99(1/4):221-231.
[39] 沈英,宋正河,杨红建,等.基于虚拟仪器技术的饲料体外发酵产气自动记录系统的研制[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(12):159-163. SHEN Y,SONG Z H,YANG H J,et al.Research and development of automated gas recording system for
in vitro fermentation based on virtual instrumentation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2006,22(12):159-163.(in Chinese)
[40] 崔彦召,徐晓明,张克春.反刍动物人工瘤胃技术研究及应用[J].乳业科学与技术,2011,34(2):90-93,98. CUI Y Z,XU X M,ZHANG K C.Study and application of the artificial rumen technique[J].Journal of Dairy Science and Technology,2011,34(2):90-93,98.(in Chinese)
[41] 王敏玲,孙海霞,钟荣珍,等.利用体外消化率评价青贮品质的问题探讨[J].草地学报,2011,19(4):678-681. WANG M L,SUN H X,ZHONG R Z,et al.Discussion on silage quality evaluation using
in vitro dry matter digestibility[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2011,19(4):678-681.(in Chinese)
[42] 施学仕.不同饲养制度下乳用山羊瘤胃内纤毛虫种群与pH值和氧化还原电位在体内外条件下的变化[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农学院,1982. SHI X S.Changes of ciliate population,pH value and redox potential in rumen of dairy goats under different feeding regimes
in vitro and
in vivo[D].Master's Thesis.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,1982.(in Chinese)
[43] 黄炜超.人工模拟瘤胃系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文.长春:吉林农业大学,2012. HUANG W C.Study on system of simulate rumen[D].Master's Thesis.Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese)
[44] 王加启,冯仰廉.瘤胃持续模拟技术的研究[J].动物营养学报,1995,7(1):29-35. WANG J Q,FENG Y L.Study on rumen simulation technique[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,1995,7(1):29-35.(in Chinese)
[45] 孟庆翔.双外流连续培养系统用于瘤胃发酵的体外模拟:技术综述[J].动物营养学报,1999(S1):45-50. MENG Q X.
In vitro simulation of rumen fermentation with double outflow continuous culture system:a technical review[J].Journal of Animal Nutrition,1999(S1):45-50.(in Chinese)
[46] 沈维军,姜雅慧,王加启,等.固液气分流式瘤胃模拟系统的设计与测试[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(3):20-26. SHEN W J,JIANG Y H,WANG J Q,et al.Design and testing of rumen simulation system with discharging solid chime,liquid,and gas respectively[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(3):20-26.(in Chinese)
[47] 伍梦楠.新型双外流连续培养瘤胃模拟系统部分运行参数的优化[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2017. WU M N.Optimization of the a part of operating parameters of novel dual-flow rumen simulation system[D].Master's Thesis.Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
[48] MOORE J E,COLEMAN S W.Forage intake digestibility,NDF,and ADF:how well are they related?[C]//American Forage and Grassland Council Conference Proceedings.[S.l.]:[s.n.]2001:238-242.
[49] 张吉鹍,卢德勋,刘建新,等.粗饲料品质评定指数的研究现状及其进展[J].草业科学,2004,21(9):55-61. ZHANG J K,LU D X,LIU J X,et al.The present research situation and progress of crude fodder quality evaluation index[J].Pratacultural Science,2004,21(9):55-61.(in Chinese)
[50] ROHWEDER D A,BARNES R F,JORGENSEN N,et al.Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality[J].Journal of Animal Science,1978,47(3):747-759.

[51] MOORE J E,UNDERSANDER D U.A proposal for replacing relative feed value with an alternative:relative forage quality[C]//American Forage & Grassland Council Conference Proceedings.Bloomington:American Forage & Grassland Council,2002:171-175.
[52] 红敏,高民,卢德勋,等.粗饲料品质评定指数新一代分级指数的建立及与分级指数(GI
2001)和饲料相对值(RFV)的比较研究[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2011,32(Z1):143-146. HONG M,GAO M,LU D X,et al.New forage grading index:its establishment and comparative study on the evaluation of forage quality with the grading index-2001(GI
2001) and relative feed value (RFV)[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2011,32(Z1):143-146.(in Chinese)