研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

不同类型低蛋白质饲粮对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和免疫器官指数的影响

  • 张思轩 ,
  • 赵国先 ,
  • 马可为 ,
  • 冯志华 ,
  • 郝艳霜 ,
  • 陈辉
展开
  • 1. 河北农业大学动物科技学院, 保定 071001;
    2. 保定职业技术学院, 保定 071000
张思轩(1995-),男,河北保定人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:buhuotianxia123@163.com

收稿日期: 2021-12-04

  网络出版日期: 2022-07-14

基金资助

河北省现代农业产业技术体系蛋肉鸡创新团队建设项目(HBCT2018150203);河北省重点研发计划项目(19227305D);农业高质量发展关键共性技术攻关专项(20326609D);鹿泉区厅区会商专项项目

Effects of Different Types of Low Protein Diets on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance and Immune Organ Indices of Broilers

  • ZHANG Sixuan ,
  • ZHAO Guoxian ,
  • MA Kewei ,
  • FENG Zhihua ,
  • HAO Yanshuang ,
  • CHEN Hui
Expand
  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
    2. Baoding Vocational and Technical College, Baoding 071000, China

Received date: 2021-12-04

  Online published: 2022-07-14

摘要

本试验旨在研究以可消化氨基酸为基础的不同类型低蛋白质饲粮对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和免疫器官指数的影响。选用1日龄哈伯德肉鸡648只,随机分为12个组,每组6个重复,每个重复9只鸡;采用3×4双因素试验设计,3个饲粮类型分别为玉米-豆粕型、玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕型和玉米-豆粕-花生粕型,4个饲粮粗蛋白质水平分别为标准水平以及降低1、2和3个百分点粗蛋白质水平。1~3组分别饲喂标准粗蛋白质水平的玉米-豆粕型、玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕型和玉米-豆粕-花生粕型饲粮,4~12组在上述3种饲粮类型基础上分别降低1、2和3个百分点粗蛋白质水平;各组均平衡了赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、半胱氨酸、异亮氨酸及缬氨酸含量。试验共42 d,分为3个阶段,分别为1~14日龄、15~35日龄和36~42日龄。结果表明,在平衡饲粮中7种可消化氨基酸的前提下:1)饲粮类型和粗蛋白质水平对肉鸡各阶段生长性能、屠宰性能及免疫器官指数均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。2)饲粮类型和粗蛋白质水平对肉鸡各阶段平均日采食量无显著交互作用(P>0.05),但对15~35日龄和1~42日龄平均日增重和料重比有显著交互作用(P<0.05);其中,与1组相比,11组肉鸡平均日增重显著降低(P<0.05),料重比显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与1组相比,4、5、8和9组利润均有所提高,其中5组利润最佳,提高了4.25%。综合分析,在本试验条件下,将玉米-豆粕型饲粮粗蛋白质水平降低1.5个百分点、玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕型饲粮粗蛋白质水平降低1.0个百分点以及玉米-豆粕-花生粕型饲粮粗蛋白质水平降低1.5个百分点时效果较佳。

本文引用格式

张思轩 , 赵国先 , 马可为 , 冯志华 , 郝艳霜 , 陈辉 . 不同类型低蛋白质饲粮对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和免疫器官指数的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(7) : 4283 -4301 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.07.020

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of low protein diets based on digestible amino acids on growth performance, slaughter performance and immune organ indices of broilers. A total of 648 Hubbard broilers of one-day-old were randomly divided into 12 groups with 6 replicates per group and 9 broilers per replicate. In a 3×4 two-factor experiment design, three diet types were corn-soybean meal type, corn-soybean meal-cottonseed meal type and corn-soybean meal-peanut meal type, and four crude protein levels in the diets were the standard level and the other crude protein levels reduced by 1, 2 and 3 percent points, respectively. Groups 1 to 3 were fed the corn-soybean meal type, corn-soybean meal-cottonseed meal type and corn-soybean meal-peanut meal type diets with standard crude protein level, respectively, and groups 4 to 12 were fed the above three kinds of diets with lower crude protein levels reduced by 1, 2 and 3 percent points, respectively. The contents of lysine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine, cysteine, isoleucine and valine were balanced in each group. The experiment lasted for 42 days and was divided into three stages of 1 to 14 days of age, 15 to 35 days of age and 36 to 42 days of age, respectively. The results showed as follows, under the premise of balancing 7 kinds of digestible amino acids in the diets:1) diet types and crude protein levels had no significant effects on growth performance, slaughter performance and immune organ indices of broilers at all stages (P>0.05). 2) Diet types and crude protein levels had no significant interaction on the average daily feed intake of broilers at different stages (P>0.05), but had significant interaction on the average daily gain and feed to gain ratio of broilers from 15 to 35 days of age and 1 to 42 days of age (P<0.05). Compared with group 1, the average daily gain of broilers in group 11 was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the ratio of feed to gain of broilers was significantly increased (P<0.05). 3) Compared with group 1, the profits in groups 4, 5, 8 and 9 were all improved, among which the profit in group 5 was the best with increasing by 4.25%. In conclusion, under these experimental conditions, the corn-soybean meal type diet with crude protein level reduced by 1.5 percent points, corn-soybean meal-cottonseed meal type diet with crude protein level reduced by 1.0 percent point and corn-soybean meal-peanut meal type diet with crude protein level reduced by 1.5% percent points have the best effects.

参考文献

[1] 王旭,韩威,叶小其,等.低蛋白质饲粮在鸡生产中的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2021,42(11):32-37. WANG X,HAN W,YE X Q,et al.Research progress of low protein feedstuff in chicken production[J].Feed Industry,2021,42(11):32-37.(in Chinese)
[2] 罗有文,周岩民,王恬.棉、菜籽饼粕源毒素对畜禽的影响及其毒理作用[J].中国饲料,2006(1):38-41. LUO Y W,ZHOU Y M,WANT T.Effects of toxin from cottonseed and rapeseed meal on livestock and poultry and its toxicology mechanism[J].China Feed,2006(1):38-41.(in Chinese)
[3] 刘庆芳,蒋竹青,贾敏,等.花生粕综合利用研究进展[J].食品研究与开发,2017,38(7):192-195. LIU Q F,JIANG Z Q,JIA M,et al.Comprehensive utilization of peanut meal[J].Food Research and Development,2017,38(7):192-195.(in Chinese)
[4] 朱书梁.高钙和高钙高蛋白日粮对鸡临床病理学及相关基因表达的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南昌:江西农业大学,2014. ZHU S L.Effects of diets with high calcium and high calcium-high protein on clinical pathology and expression of related genes[D].Master's Thesis.Nanchang:Jiangxi Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[5] LAW F L,ZULKIFLI I,SOLEIMANI A F,et al.The effects of low-protein diets and protease supplementation on broiler chickens in a hot and humid tropical environment[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2018,31(8):1291-1300.  
[6] 曾晓阁.22-42日龄肉仔鸡饲粮粗蛋白最低需要量的研究[D].硕士学位论文.秦皇岛:河北科技师范学院,2015. ZENG X G.Dietary crude protein requirement of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age[D].Master's Thesis.Qinhuangdao:Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology,2015.(in Chinese)
[7] KO T G,LEE J H,KIM B G,et al.Effects of phase feeding and sugar beet pulp on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood urea nitrogen,nutrient excretion and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2004,17(8):1150-1157.  
[8] VAN HARN J,DIJKSLAG M A,VAN KRIMPEN M M.Effect of low protein diets supplemented with free amino acids on growth performance,slaughter yield,litter quality,and footpad lesions of male broilers[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(10):4868-4877.  
[9] 刘胜利,王育伟,刘文龙,等.蛋白水平和复合酶添加对岭南黄鸡生长和屠宰性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2019,42(5):50-52. LIU S L,WANG Y W,LIU W L,et al.Effect of protein level and complex enzyme addition on growth and slaughter performance of Lingnan yellow chicken[J].Feed Research,2019,42(5):50-52.(in Chinese)
[10] OSPINA-ROJAS I C,MURAKAMI A E,DUARTE C R A,et al.Leucine and valine supplementation of low-protein diets for broiler chickens from 21 to 42 days of age[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(4):914-922.  
[11] 林厦菁,蒋守群,丁发源,等.1-21日龄快大型黄羽肉鸡低蛋白质饲粮氨基酸平衡模式[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(9):2542-2552. LIN X J,JIANG S Q,DING F Y,et al.Amino acid balance pattern of a low protein diet in fast-growing yellow-feathered broilers aged from 1 to 21 days[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2014,26(9):2542-2552.(in Chinese)
[12] 兰宏兵,余述燕,朱庆莉.棉籽中棉子糖和棉酚综合利用研究进展[J].安徽化工,2021,47(3):1-3. LAN H B,YU S Y,ZHU Q L.Study progress on comprehensive utilization of raffinose and gossypol in cottonseed[J].Anhui Chemical Industry,2021,47(3):1-3.(in Chinese)
[13] 王丹莉,罗兰.不同水平的菜籽饼和棉籽饼日粮对肉鸡生长性能及胫骨软骨症的影响[J].饲料工业,1997(5):28-29. WANG D L,LUO L.Effects of different levels of rapeseed cake and cottonseed cake diets on growth performance and tibial chondrosis in broilers[J].Feed Industry,1997(5):28-29.(in Chinese)
[14] 尹清强,陈金文,张志凌,等.棉籽粕、菜籽粕和葵花粕对1-2月龄肉仔鸡生长性能的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,1999(4):12-14. YIN Q Q,CHEN J W,ZHANG Z L,et al.The effect of cottonseed,rapeseed and sunflower meals on daily gain of broilers[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,1999(4):12-14.(in chinese)
[15] 何斌.饲粮棉粕水平对产蛋鸡产蛋性能、鸡蛋品质及棉酚残留影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2014. HE B.Study of dietary cottonseed meal on the laying performance,egg quality,and the residue of gossypol in egg and tissue of laying hens[D].Master's Thesis.Ya'an:Sichuan Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[16] 周佳慧,李晓敏,蔡国林,等.菌酶协同改善花生粕的饲用品质[J].中国油脂,2021,46(9):92-98. ZHOU J H,LI X M,CAI G L,et al.Synergistic of enzymes and fermentation to improve the feed quality of peanut meal[J].China Oils and Fats,2021,46(9):92-98.(in Chinese)
[17] PESTI G M,BAKALLI R I,DRIVER J P,et al.Comparison of peanut meal and soybean meal as protein supplements for laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2003,82(8):1274-1280.  
[18] 彭鹏,罗杰,李俊波,等.花生粕替代豆粕对三黄鸡生长性能的影响研究[C]//第七届中国饲料营养学术研讨会论文集.郑州:中国农业大学出版社,2014:36. PENG P,LUO J,LI J B,et al.Effects of peanut meal instead of soybean meal on growth performance of Sanhuang chicken[C]//Proceedings of the Seventh China Feed Nutrition Symposium.Zhengzhou:China Agricultural University Press,2014:36.(in Chinese)
[19] XU L,DIOSADY L L.The production of Chinese rapeseed protein isolates by membrane processing[J].Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society,1994,71(9):935-939.  
[20] 王斯佳.植酸酶和低蛋白日粮对肉鸡生长性能和氮、磷利用率的影响[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2015. WANG S J.The performance,nitrogen and phosphorus utilization of broilers fed phytase and low CP diets[D].Ph.D. Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2015.(in Chinese)
[21] JIANG Q,WALDROUP P W,FRITTS C A.Improving the utilization of diets low in crude protein for broiler chicken 1.Evaluation of special amino acid supplementation to diets low in crude protein[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2005,4(3):115-122.  
[22] ALETOR V,HAMID I,NIEB E,et al.Low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets in broiler chickens:effects on performance,carcass characteristics,whole-body composition and efficiencies of nutrient utilisation[J].Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture,2000,80(5):547-554.  
[23] 张丽明,廖先东,段晓翔,等.低蛋白日粮中添加蛋氨酸和赖氨酸对肉鸡屠宰性能及血清生化指标的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会2016年学术年会、中国畜牧兽医学会禽病学分会第十八次学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国畜牧兽医学会,2016:178. ZHANG L M,LIAO X D,DUAN X X,et al.Effects of methionine and lysine on slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of broilers[C]//Proceedings of the 2016 Academic Annual Meeting of China Society of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine and the 18th Academic Seminar of Avian Branch of China Society of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine.Beiing:Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2016:178.(in Chinese)
[24] 陈将.1-42日龄肉仔鸡缬氨酸需要量的研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2019. CHEN J.Study on valine requirement of broiler chicken from 1 to 42 days of age[D].Master's Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2019.(in Chinese)
[25] 张建,甘悦宁,宋志芳,等.低蛋白日粮添加蛋氨酸对肉鸡生产性能及屠宰性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2013(2):45-47. ZHANG J,GAN Y N,SONG Z F,et al.Effects of methionine supplementation in low protein diet on production performance and slaughter performance of broilers[J].Feed Research,2013(2):45-47.(in Chinese)
[26] WAHEED A,AHMAD T,YOUSAF A,et al.Effect of various levels of fat and antioxidant on the quality of broiler rations stored at high temperature for different periods[J].Pakistan Veterinary Journal,2004,24(2):70-75.
[27] 张青青.玉米-杂粕型日粮中添加蛋氨酸对肉鸡生产性能的影响[J].饲料与畜牧,2013(8):29-32. ZHANG Q Q.Effects of methionine supplementation in corn miscellaneous meal diet on performance of broilers[J].Feed and Husbandry,2013(8):29-32.(in Chinese)
[28] 陈向阳.不同杂粕配比替代豆粕对肉大鸭生产性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011. CHEN X Y.Effects of different propoqtions of cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal as a substitution for soybean meal on production performance of ducks[D].Master's Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A & F University,2011.(in Chinese)
[29] 斯日古楞.日粮不同赖氨酸水平对0-3周龄肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2004. SI R G L.The effect of levels of dietary lysine on performance and eviscerate quality in 0 to 3 week old broiler chickens[D].Master's Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2004.(in Chinese)
[30] BAKER D H,BATAL A B,PARR T M,et al.Ideal ratio (relative to lysine) of tryptophan,threonine,isoleucine,and valine for chicks during the second and third weeks posthatch[J].Poultry Science,2002,81(4):485-494.  
[31] 刁其玉,霍启光,齐广海,等.氨基酸模型确定后肉仔鸡日粮中的最佳蛋白质供给[J].中国畜牧杂志,2000,36(3):25-27. DIAO Q Y,HUO Q G,QI G H,et al.Studies on the optimal dietary protein content of broiler feed with the amino acids profile[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2000,36(3):25-27.(in Chinese)
[32] CHEN Y P,CHENG Y F,LI X H,et al.Effects of threonine supplementation on the growth performance,immunity,oxidative status,intestinal integrity,and barrier function of broilers at the early age[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(2):405-413.  
[33] 张建.肉鸡低蛋白日粮蛋氨酸需要量研究[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013. ZHANG J.Research on methionine requirement in broiler low protein diets[D].Master's Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A & F University,2013.(in Chinese)
[34] 崔玉铭.低蛋白日粮对肉仔鸡生产性能、免疫功能及营养物质代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010. CUI Y M.Effects of low protein diets on production performance,immune function and metabolism of nutrients in broilers[D].Master's Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2010.(in Chinese)
[35] NAYEFI M,SALARI S,SARI M,et al.Nutritional value of electron beam irradiated cottonseed meal in broiler chickens[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2016,100(4):643-648.  
[36] 靳二辉,陈耀星,周金星,等.黄芪、枸杞、金银花等中草药复方制剂对肉鸡免疫器官发育及免疫功能的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2017,48(6):1128-1139. JIN E H,CHEN Y X,ZHOU J X,et al.The effect of compound Chinese herbal medicine preparation of Astragalus,wolfberry and honeysuckle flower on immune organ development and immune functions of broiler[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2017,48(6):1128-1139.(in Chinese)
[37] 王新兴,常维山.中枢免疫器官发育的研究进展[C]//第十三届全国免疫学学术大会摘要汇编.上海:中国免疫学会,2018:430. WANG X X,CHANG W S.Research progress on the development of central immune organs[C]//Summary of the 13th National Conference on Immunology.Shanghai:Chinese Society for Immunology,2018:430.(in Chinese)
[38] RIVAS A L,FABRICANT J.Indications of immunodepression in chickens infected with various strains of Marek's disease virus[J].Avian Diseases,1988,32(1):1-8.  
文章导航

/