动物营养学报 >

2022 , Vol. 34 >Issue 7: 4464 - 4473

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.07.036

研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

饲粮能量水平对安格斯公牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响

  • 卢连强 ,
  • 史长笑 ,
  • 郝日康 ,
  • 陈志明 ,
  • 崔亚芳 ,
  • 李英齐 ,
  • 唐建鹏 ,
  • 曹兵海 ,
  • 苏华维
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  • 1. 中国农业大学动物科学技术学院, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193;
    2. 商都县畜牧业服务中心, 乌兰察布 013450
卢连强(1996-),男,河南南阳人,硕士研究生,动物营养与饲料科学专业。E-mail:lulianqiang1996@163.com

收稿日期: 2022-01-10

  网络出版日期: 2022-07-14

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0501800）；宁夏自治区重点研发计划项目（2017BY078）；国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-37）；农业农村部农牧交错带优质青粗饲料资源开发利用技术集成示范项目（16190051）

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Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Angus Bulls

  • LU Lianqiang ,
  • SHI Changxiao ,
  • HAO Rikang ,
  • CHEN Zhiming ,
  • CUI Yafang ,
  • LI Yingqi ,
  • TANG Jianpeng ,
  • CAO Binghai ,
  • SU Huawei
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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
    2. Shangdu Animal Husbandry Service Center, Ulanqab 013450, China

Received date: 2022-01-10

  Online published: 2022-07-14

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摘要

本试验旨在探究饲粮能量水平对安格斯公牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响。试验选取（12.7±0.9）月龄和体重[（371.7±20.8）kg]相近的安格斯公牛36头，随机分成3个组，每组4个重复，每个重复3头牛（饲养在同一小栏）。3个组的公牛分别饲喂低、中和高3种能量水平的饲粮，3组饲粮粗蛋白质（CP）水平同为13.5%，代谢能（ME）分别为10.28、10.88和11.49 MJ/kg。试验预试期14 d，正试期120 d。结果表明，随着饲粮能量水平的提高：1）安格斯公牛终末体重、干物质采食量和平均日增重（ADG）呈线性提高（P<0.05），料重比呈线性降低（P<0.05）。2）饲粮干物质、有机物和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率均呈线性提高（P<0.05）；饲粮粗脂肪表观消化率呈二次变化（P<0.05），其中，中能组粗脂肪表观消化率显著高于其他2组（P<0.05）。3）瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸浓度均呈线性提高（P<0.05），瘤胃液乙酸/丙酸值和pH呈线性降低（P<0.05）。4）血清甘油三酯和尿素氮含量呈二次变化（P<0.05），血清总蛋白和白蛋白含量呈线性提高（P<0.05），血清总胆固醇含量呈线性提高趋势（P=0.074），血清谷丙转氨酶活性呈线性降低（P<0.05）。5）血清氧化应激指数和抗氧化指标无显著变化（P>0.05）。综上所述，饲喂高能量水平饲粮能提高安格斯公牛ADG、养分表观消化率，降低料重比，促使瘤胃发酵向丙酸型转变，不会造成氧化应激；生产实践中，13~17月龄安格斯公牛推荐饲喂CP水平为13.5%、ME为11.49 MJ/kg的高能量水平饲粮。

关键词： 能量水平; 肉牛; 生长性能; 瘤胃发酵; 血清生化指标

本文引用格式

卢连强 , 史长笑 , 郝日康 , 陈志明 , 崔亚芳 , 李英齐 , 唐建鹏 , 曹兵海 , 苏华维 . 饲粮能量水平对安格斯公牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(7) : 4464 -4473 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.07.036

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary energy level on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indices of Angus bulls. Thirty-six Angus bulls with similar age of (12.7±0.9) months and body weight of (371.7±20.8) kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates per group and 3 bulls per replicate (fed in the same stall). Bulls in the three groups were fed the diets with low, medium and high energy levels, respectively. The crude protein (CP) level in the three groups was 13.5%, and the metabolizable energy (ME) was 10.28, 10.88 and 11.49 MJ/kg, respectively. The pre-trial period lasted for 14 days, and the trial period lasted for 120 days. The results showed as follows, with the increase of dietary energy level:1) the final body weight, dry matter intake and average daily gain (ADG) of Angus bulls were linearly increased (P<0.05), and the ratio of feed to gain was linearly decreased (P<0.05). 2) The apparent digestibility of dietary dry matter, organic matter and acid detergent fiber was linearly increased (P<0.05); dietary ether extract apparent digestibility showed quadratic change (P<0.05), and the ether extract apparent digestibility in the medium energy group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P<0.05). 3) The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid in rumen fluid were linearly increased (P<0.05), and the acetic acid to propionic acid ratio and pH in rumen fluid were linearly decreased (P<0.05). 4) The serum contents of triglyceride and urea nitrogen showed quadratic changes (P<0.05), the serum contents of total protein and albumin showed a linear increase (P<0.05), the serum total cholesterol content showed a linear trend of increase (P=0.074), and the serum alanine aminotransferase activity a linear decrease (P<0.05). 5) There were no significant changes in serum oxidative stress index and antioxidant indexes (P>0.05). In conclusion, feeding high energy level diets can increase ADG and nutrient apparent digestibility of Angus bulls, reduce feed to gain ratio, and promote rumen fermentation to propionic acid type, without causing oxidative stress; in practice, Angus bulls aged from 13 to 17 months are recommended to be fed a high energy level diet containing 13.5% CP and 11.49 MJ/kg ME.

Key words： energy levels; beef cattle; growth performance; rumen fermentation; serum biochemical indices

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