动物营养学报 >

2022 , Vol. 34 >Issue 12: 7649 - 7663

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.12.018

研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白质水平对1~8周龄慢速型黄羽肉鸡母鸡生长性能、胴体品质和血浆生化指标的影响

  • 阮栋 ,
  • 周桂莲 ,
  • 王薇薇 ,
  • 苟钟勇 ,
  • 林厦菁 ,
  • 叶金玲 ,
  • 丁发源 ,
  • 晏石娟 ,
  • 蒋守群
展开
  • 1. 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所, 畜禽育种国家重点实验室, 农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室, 广东省畜禽育种与营养重点实验室, 广州 510640;
    2. 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院, 北京 100037;
    3. 广东省农业科学院农业生物基因研究中心, 广州 510640
阮栋(1983—),男,湖北咸宁人,副研究员,博士,从事家禽营养与饲料研究。E-mail:donruan@126.com

收稿日期: 2022-05-06

  网络出版日期: 2022-12-15

基金资助

广东省农业科学院食品营养与健康研究中心建设运行经费（XTXM202205）；广东省自然科学基金项目（2019A1515010912）；广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2020B0202090004）；国家重点研发专项（2021YFD300404）；国家肉鸡产业技术体系项目（CARS-41-G10）；广东省科技计划项目（2019A050505007）；广东省农业科学院高水平科技创新战略建设专项资金（202106TD，R2019PY-QF008）

收起

Effects of Dietary Metabolizable Energy and Crude Protein Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Quality and Plasma Biochemical Indices of Slow-Growing Yellow-Feathered Female Chickens Aged from 1 to 8 Weeks

  • RUAN Dong ,
  • ZHOU Guilian ,
  • WANG Weiwei ,
  • GOU Zhongyong ,
  • LIN Xiajing ,
  • YE Jinling ,
  • DING Fayuan ,
  • YAN Shijuan ,
  • JIANG Shouqun
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  • 1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
    2. Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China;
    3. Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China

Received date: 2022-05-06

  Online published: 2022-12-15

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮不同代谢能和粗蛋白质水平对1~8周龄慢速型黄羽肉鸡母鸡生长性能、胴体品质和血浆生化指标的影响，为确定不同生长阶段慢速型黄羽肉鸡适宜的代谢能和粗蛋白质水平提供依据。试验采用2×3因子随机分组试验设计，设定2个代谢能和3个粗蛋白质水平。其中，1~4周龄饲粮代谢能水平分别为12.13和12.54 MJ/kg，粗蛋白质水平分别为18%、19%和20%；5~8周龄饲粮代谢能水平分别为12.54和13.39 MJ/kg，粗蛋白质水平分别为16%、17%和18%。分别选取1和29日龄慢速型岭南黄羽肉鸡母鸡进行2个试验，每个试验的饲养周期为28 d。试验1选取1日龄黄羽肉鸡母雏1 800羽，随机分为6个组，每组6个重复，每个重复50羽鸡；试验2选取29日龄母鸡1 440羽，随机分为6个组，每组6个重复，每个重复40羽鸡。试验期间试验鸡地面平养，自由采食和饮水。结果表明：1）饲粮代谢能水平显著影响1~4周龄和5~8周龄肉鸡平均日采食量和料重比（P<0.05），饲粮粗蛋白质水平显著影响1~4周龄和5~8周龄肉鸡平均日增重（P<0.05）。其中，1~4周龄阶段，12.54 MJ/kg代谢能和20%粗蛋白质饲粮组料重比最低；5~8周龄阶段，13.39 MJ/kg代谢能和18%粗蛋白质饲粮组料重比最低。2）饲粮代谢能水平显著影响1~4周龄和5~8周龄肉鸡腹脂率（P<0.05），且腹脂率随着饲粮代谢能水平的升高而升高。随着饲粮粗蛋白质水平的升高，1~4周龄肉鸡全净膛率有升高的趋势（P=0.055），其中20%粗蛋白质组全净膛率最高（57.97%）；5~8周龄阶段，17%粗蛋白质组全净膛率显著高于16%粗蛋白质组（P<0.05）。3）饲粮代谢能水平显著影响4周龄肉鸡血浆总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）和尿酸（UA）含量（P<0.05），且12.13 MJ/kg代谢能组显著高于12.54 MJ/kg代谢能组（P<0.05），但对8周龄血浆TP、ALB和UA含量则无显著影响（P<0.05）。饲粮粗蛋白质水平显著影响4周龄肉鸡血浆TP和ALB含量（P<0.05），19%粗蛋白质组血浆TP和ALB含量显著低于20%粗蛋白质组（P<0.05）。综上所述，在本试验条件下，结合生长性能、胴体品质和血浆生化指标等结果，推荐1~4周龄慢速型黄羽肉鸡母鸡饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白质水平为12.13 MJ/kg和20%，饲粮蛋能比为16.49 g/MJ；5~8周龄饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白质水平为12.54 MJ/kg和17%，饲粮蛋能比为13.56 g/MJ。

关键词： 慢速型黄羽肉鸡; 代谢能; 粗蛋白质; 生长性能; 胴体品质; 血浆生化指标

本文引用格式

阮栋 , 周桂莲 , 王薇薇 , 苟钟勇 , 林厦菁 , 叶金玲 , 丁发源 , 晏石娟 , 蒋守群 . 饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白质水平对1~8周龄慢速型黄羽肉鸡母鸡生长性能、胴体品质和血浆生化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(12) : 7649 -7663 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.12.018

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) levels on growth performance, carcass quality and plasma biochemical indices of slow-growing yellow-feathered female chickens aged from 1 to 8 weeks, and to provide the basis for determining the appropriate ME and CP levels for slow-growing yellow-feathered chickens at different growth stages. A 2×3 factorial randomized trial design was used to set two ME levels and three CP levels. During 1 to 4 weeks of age, ME levels were 12.13 and 12.54 MJ/kg, and CP levels were 18%, 19% and 20%, respectively; during 5 to 8 weeks of age, ME levels were 12.54 and 13.39 MJ/kg, and CP levels were 16%, 17% and 18%. The slow-growing Lingnan yellow-feathered chickens at 1 and 29 days of age were selected for feeding trial with two stages of 28 days each. In experiment 1, a total of 1 800 female chicks of 1-day-old were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 50 chickens per replicate. In experiment 2, a total of 1 440 female chickens of 29-day-old were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 40 chickens per replicate. During the experiment, chickens were raised flat on the ground and fed pellet feed and drank freely. The results showed as follows:1) dietary ME levels had significant effects on the average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio (F/G) of chickens aged from 1 to 4 weeks and 5 to 8 weeks (P<0.05), and dietary CP levels had significant effects on the average daily gain of chickens aged from 1 to 4 weeks and 5 to 8 weeks (P<0.05). Among them, 12.54 MJ/kg ME and 20% CP diet group had the lowest F/G aged from 1 to 4 weeks, and 13.39 MJ/kg ME and 18% CP diet group had the lowest F/G aged from 5 to 8 weeks. 2) The abdominal fat rate of chickens aged from 1 to 4 weeks and 5 to 8 weeks was significantly affected by dietary ME levels (P<0.05), which was increased with dietary ME level increasing. The eviscerated rate of chickens aged from 1 to 4 weeks of age tended to be increased with dietary CP level increasing (P=0.055), which in 20% CP groups was the highest (57.97%). The eviscerated rate of chickens aged from 5 to 8 weeks in 17% CP groups was significantly higher than that in 16% CP groups (P<0.05). 3) The contents of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and uric acid (UA) in plasma of chickens at 4 weeks of age were significantly affected by dietary ME levels (P<0.05), which in 12.13 MJ/kg ME groups were higher than those in 12.54 MJ/kg ME groups (P<0.05); however, there were no significant effects on the contents of TP, AP and UA in plasma of chickens at 8 weeks of age by dietary ME levels (P>0.05). Dietary CP level had significant effects on the contents of TP and ALB in plasma of chickens at 4 weeks of age (P<0.05), which in 19% CP groups were significantly lower than those in 20% CP groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, under the conditions as our experiment, according to the results of growth performance, carcass quality and plasma biochemical indices, the optimal dietary ME and CP levels are 12.13 MJ/kg and 20% with the ratio of protein to energy as 16.49 g/MJ for slow-growing yellow-feathered chickens aged from 1 to 4 weeks, and 12.55 MJ/kg and 17% with the ratio of protein to energy as 13.56 g/MJ aged from 5 to 8 weeks.

Key words： slow-growing yellow-feathered chickens; metabolizable energy; crude protein; growth performance; carcass quality; plasma biochemical indices

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