动物营养学报 >

2022 , Vol. 34 >Issue 12: 7770 - 7780

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.12.028

研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

饲粮色氨酸水平对本交笼蛋种鸡羽毛损伤、生产性能和犬尿氨酸代谢的影响

  • 刘萌 ,
  • 黄晨轩 ,
  • 陈一凡 ,
  • 王德贺 ,
  • 石雷 ,
  • 郝二英 ,
  • 曾丹 ,
  • 陈辉
展开
  • 1. 河北农业大学动物科技学院, 保定 071001;
    2. 华裕农业科技有限公司, 邯郸 057150
刘萌(1997—),女,河北石家庄人,硕士研究生,从事动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:1715124247@qq.com

收稿日期: 2022-05-07

  网络出版日期: 2022-12-15

基金资助

财政部和农业农村部—国家蛋鸡产业技术体系（CARS-40-K20）；国家自然科学基金项目（32172779）；河北省蛋鸡产业技术研究院（2018123）

收起

Effects of Dietary Tryptophan Level on Feather Damage, Performance and Kynurenine Metabolism of Laying Breeders in Natural Mating Cage

  • LIU Meng ,
  • HUANG Chenxuan ,
  • CHEN Yifan ,
  • WANG Dehe ,
  • SHI Lei ,
  • HAO Erying ,
  • ZENG Dan ,
  • CHEN Hui
Expand
  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China;
    2. Huayu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Handan 057150, China

Received date: 2022-05-07

  Online published: 2022-12-15

Fold

摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮色氨酸水平对本交笼蛋种鸡羽毛损伤、生产性能和犬尿氨酸代谢的影响。采用2×3双因素试验设计，即2个羽毛损伤程度（羽毛完整和损伤严重）和3个饲粮色氨酸水平（0.16%、0.24%、0.32%）。选取健康状况良好、体重相近的64周龄本交笼父母代海兰褐蛋种鸡1 080只，按照试验设计分为6组，每组6个重复，每个重复30只鸡。预试期1周，正试期4周。结果显示：1）羽毛损伤严重组平均日采食量显著高于羽毛完整组（P<0.05）。0.24%组的平均日采食量显著高于0.16%组和0.32%组（P<0.05），且0.16%组的平均日采食量显著高于0.32%组（P<0.05）。2）0.24%组的蛋白高度和哈氏单位显著高于0.16%组和0.32%组（P<0.05）。3）羽毛完整组第1~4周全身羽毛评分均显著高于羽毛损伤严重组（P<0.05）。0.24%组第1~4周全身羽毛评分均显著高于0.16%组和0.32%组（P<0.05），0.32%组第1~3周全身羽毛评分显著高于0.16%组（P<0.05）。4）羽毛完整组的啄物行为发生频率显著高于羽毛损伤严重组（P<0.05），盯物、啄羽行为发生频率则显著低于羽毛损伤严重组（P<0.05）。0.24%组的啄地、啄物、盯物、啄羽行为发生频率显著低于0.16%组和0.32%组（P<0.05）。5）羽毛完整组血浆中5-羟色胺（5-HT）、犬尿喹啉酸（KYNA）和色氨酸浓度显著高于羽毛损伤严重组（P<0.05）。饲粮色氨酸水平显著影响血浆中5-HT、KYNA、3-羟基犬尿氨酸（3-HK）、5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）、喹啉酸（QUIN）和色氨酸浓度（P<0.05）。0.24%组血浆中3-HK浓度显著低于其他2组（P<0.05）。0.24%组血浆中5-HT、色氨酸浓度显著高于0.16%组（P<0.05）。0.24%组血浆中KYNA浓度显著高于其他2组（P<0.05）。综上所述，羽毛损伤会降低蛋种鸡羽毛评分，增加群体啄羽行为的发生频率；适当提高饲粮色氨酸水平（饲粮色氨酸水平为0.24%）可通过增强血浆5-HT代谢途径，提高采食量，降低神经毒性，缓解啄羽等应激性行为的发生，从而提高蛋种鸡的生产性能和羽毛覆盖率。

关键词： 色氨酸; 羽毛损伤; 蛋种鸡; 生产性能; 行为观察; 犬尿氨酸

本文引用格式

刘萌 , 黄晨轩 , 陈一凡 , 王德贺 , 石雷 , 郝二英 , 曾丹 , 陈辉 . 饲粮色氨酸水平对本交笼蛋种鸡羽毛损伤、生产性能和犬尿氨酸代谢的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(12) : 7770 -7780 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.12.028

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary tryptophan level on feather damage, performance and kynurenine metabolism of laying breeders in natural mating cage. A 2×3 two-factor experimental design was adopted in this experiment, according to the two degrees of feather damage (intact feather and severely damaged feather) and three dietary tryptophan levels (0.16%, 0.24% and 0.32%). A total of 1 080 Hy-Line Brown laying breeders at the age of 64 weeks that kept in natural mating cage with good health and similar body weight were selected, and divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 30 hens per replicate. The pre-feeding period lasted for 1 week, and the formal period lasted for 4 weeks. The results showed as follows:1) the average daily feed intake (ADFI) in severely damaged feather group was significantly higher than that in intact feather group (P<0.05). The ADFI in 0.24% group was significantly higher than that in 0.16% group and 0.32% group (P<0.05), and it in 0.16% group was significantly higher than that in 0.32% group (P<0.05). 2) The albumen height and Haugh unit in 0.24% group were significantly higher than those in 0.16% group and 0.32% group (P<0.05). 3) The whole feather score at weeks 1 to 4 in intact feather group was significantly higher than that in severely damaged feather group (P<0.05). The whole feather score at weeks 1 to 4 in 0.24% group was significantly higher than those in 0.16% group and 0.32% group (P<0.05), and the whole feather score at weeks 1 to 3 in 0.32% group was significantly higher than those in 0.16% group (P<0.05). 4) The frequency of object pecking behavior in intact feather group was significantly higher than that in severely damaged feather group (P<0.05), and the frequencies of object gazing and feather pecking behaviors were significantly lower than those in severely damaged feather group (P<0.05). The frequencies of land pecking, object pecking, object gazing and feather pecking behaviors in 0.24% group significantly lower than those in 0.16% group and 0.32% group (P<0.05). 5) The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and tryptophan in plasma in intact feather group were significantly higher than those in severely damaged feather group (P<0.05). Dietary tryptophan level significantly affected the concentrations of 5-HT, KYNA, 3-hydroxy-kynurenine (3-HK), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), quinolinic acid (QUIN) and tryptophan in plasma (P<0.05). The plasma 3-HK concentration in 0.24% group was significantly lower than that in other two groups (P<0.05). The plasma 5-HT and tryptophan concentrations in 0.24% group were significantly higher than those in 0.16% group (P<0.05). The plasma KYNA concentration in 0.24% group was significantly higher than that in other two groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, feather damage can reduce the feather score of laying breeders and increase the frequency of feather pecking behavior. Suitably increasing dietary tryptophan level (dietary tryptophan level is 0.24%) can improve performance and feather coverage of laying breeders by enhancing plasma 5-HT metabolic pathway, increasing feed intake, reducing neurotoxicity, alleviating feather pecking and other stress behaviors.

Key words： tryptophan; feather damage; laying breeders; performance; behavior observation; kynurenine

参考文献

[1] 李会庆, 刘文科, 李旭霞, 等.大笼本交模式蛋种鸡规模化标准化养殖的未来趋势[J].今日畜牧兽医, 2014(5):49-50. LI H Q, LIU W K, LI X X, et al.Future trend of large-scale and standardized breeding of large-cage hybrid egg breeders[J].Today Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2014(5):49-50.(in Chinese)
[2] 朱建国.蛋种鸡本交笼养模式应用现状与研究方向[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘, 2016, 32(4):86-87. ZHU J G.Application status and research direction of cage-rearing model for egg breeders[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Abstracts, 2016, 32(4):86-87.(in Chinese)
[3] 夏圣荣.优质蛋种鸡本交笼养模式的应用[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘, 2016, 32(5):83. XIA S R.Application of cage-rearing model of high quality egg breeders[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Abstracts, 2016, 32(5):83.(in Chinese)
[4] 刘萌, 刘雪露, 曾丹, 等.产蛋后期蛋种鸡羽毛损伤度与生产性能、血液生化指标相关性研究[J].中国家禽, 2021, 43(3):53-58. LIU M, LIU X L, ZENG D, et al.Study on the correlation between feather damage degree and production performance and blood biochemical indexes of egg breeding chickens in the later period of laying eggs[J].China Poultry, 2021, 43(3):53-58.(in Chinese)
[5] MINDUS C, VAN STAAVEREN N, FUCHS D, et al.L. rhamnosus improves the immune response and tryptophan catabolism in laying hen pullets[J].Scientific Reports, 2021, 11(1):19538.
[6] HUANG X H, HU J Y, PENG H N, et al.Embryonic exposure to tryptophan yields bullying victimization via reprogramming the microbiota-gut-brain axis in a chicken model[J].Nutrients, 2022, 14(3):661.
[7] SCHWARZER A, PLATTNER C, BERGMANN S, et al.Feather pecking in non-beak-trimmed and beak-trimmed laying hens on commercial farms with aviaries[J].Animals, 2021, 11(11):3085.
[8] BIRKL P, CHOW J, MCBRIDE P, et al.Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on repetitive behavior in laying hens[J].Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2019, 6:230.
[9] 佚名.中华人民共和国农业行业标准——鸡饲养标准(NY/T33-2004)[J].湖南饲料, 2006(4):19-27. ANON.Agricultural industry standard of the People's Republic of China-chicken feeding standard (NY/T 33-2004)[J].Hunan Feed, 2006(4):19-27.(in Chinese)
[10] 陈祥宇, 孙二东, 陈一凡, 等.万寿菊提取物对太行鸡生产性能、蛋品质、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2021, 33(12):7160-7168. CHEN X Y, SUN E D, CHEN Y F, et al.Effects of marigold extract on performance, egg quality, immune function and antioxidant capacity of Taihang chickens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(12):7160-7168.(in Chinese)
[11] 孙庆雨, 杨海明, 肖宇航, 等.不同饲养密度对鹌鹑生产性能、羽毛评分及血清免疫和生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2020, 32(5):2192-2197. SUN Q Y, YANG H M, XIAO Y H, et al.Effects of different stocking densities on performance, feather score and serum immune and biochemical indicators of quail[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(5):2192-2197.(in Chinese)
[12] MAHMOUD U T, ABDEL-RAHMAN M A M, DARWISH M H A, et al.Behavioral changes and feathering score in heat stressed broiler chickens fed diets containing different levels of propolis[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2015, 166:98-105.
[13] 谢开来, 王丽娜.5-羟色氨调控动物采食的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(12):4468-4477. XIE K L, WANG L N.Research progress of 5-hydroxytryptamine on regulating animal feeding intake[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(12):4468-4477.(in Chinese)
[14] 张雪蕾, 李仁德, 王静, 等.色氨酸对动物生理功能调节的研究进展[J].特产研究, 2019, 41(1):104-108. ZHANG X L, LI R D, WANG J, et al.Advances in the regulation of tryptophan on animal physiological function[J].Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research, 2019, 41(1):104-108.(in Chinese)
[15] 伏春燕, 董以雷, 阎佩佩, 等.饲粮色氨酸水平对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、器官指数及肠道组织形态的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2021, 33(10):5545-5556. FU C Y, DONG Y L, YAN P P, et al.Effects of dietary tryptophan levels on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, organ indexes and intestinal morphology of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(10):5545-5556.(in Chinese)
[16] 侯海锋, 李茜.低蛋白质日粮添加色氨酸对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋白质代谢的影响[J].中国饲料, 2017(13):13-15, 23. HOU H F, LI Q.Effects of adding tryptophan in low protein diet on production performance, egg quality and protein metabolism in laying hens[J].China Feed, 2017(13):13-15, 23.(in Chinese)
[17] 李俊营, 詹凯, 张程杰, 等.羽毛损伤和饲养密度对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能和行为的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会2018年学术年会禽病学分会第十九次学术研讨会论文集.南宁:中国畜牧兽医学会, 2018:334. LI J Y, ZHAN K, ZHANG C J, et al.Effects of feather damage and stocking density on performance and behavior of laying hens during late laying period[C]//Proceedings of the 19th Symposium of the Chinese Society of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2018.Nanning:Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2018:334.(in Chinese)
[18] 王贤泽, 谭碧娥, 丁浩, 等.色氨酸及其代谢产物的生理功能研究进展[J].饲料研究, 2020, 43(5):130-133. WANG X Z, TAN B E, DING H, et al.Research progresses on physiological function of tryptophan and its metabolites[J].Feed Research, 2020, 43(5):130-133.(in Chinese)
[19] 王长平, 韦春波.饲养密度对育成期蛋鸡啄羽行为和皮肤损伤的影响[J].饲料研究, 2017(16):33-35. WANG C P, WEI C B.Effects of stocking density on pecking behavior and skin damage of growing laying hens[J].Feed Research, 2017(16):33-35.(in Chinese)
[20] 周振金, 郑卫江, 张峰, 等.日粮添加色氨酸和FTF饲养模式对公猪攻击行为的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物福利与健康养殖分会成立大会暨首届规模化健康与福利养猪高峰学术论坛论文集.泰安:中国畜牧兽医学会, 2015:50-57. ZHOU Z J, ZHENG W J, ZHANG F, et al.Effects of tryptophan supplementation and FTF feeding pattern on aggressive behavior of boars[C]//Proceedings of the Inaugural Meeting of Animal Welfare and Healthy Breeding Branch of Chinese Society of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine and the First Large-Scale Health and Welfare Pig Breeding Summit Academic Forum.Taian:Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2015:50-57.(in Chinese)
[21] JIAO H Y, YAN Z Y, MA Q Y, et al.Influence of xiaoyaosan on depressive-like behaviors in chronic stress-depressed rats through regulating tryptophan metabolism in hippocampus[J].Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2018, 15:21-31.
[22] BIRKL P, KJAER J B, SZKOTNICKI W, et al.Acute tryptophan depletion:the first method validation in an avian species (Gallus gallus domesticus)[J].Poultry Science, 2017, 96(9):3021-3025.  
[23] 李启黉, 余哲琪, 田佳迎, 等.禽类肠道EC细胞分布及其生理功能研究进展[J].中国家禽, 2018, 40(3):44-48. LI Q H, YU Z Q, TIAN J Y, et al.Research progress on distribution and physiologic functions of enterochromaffin cells in gut of avian[J].China Poultry, 2018, 40(3):44-48.(in Chinese)
[24] 胡罕.不同饲养密度下肉种鸡雏鸡的啄羽及其相关行为研究[D].硕士学位论文.西安:西北大学, 2018. HU H.Effects of different feeding density on feather pecking and related behaviors of parental broiler breeders chicks[D].Master's Thesis.Xi'an:Northwest University, 2018.(in Chinese)
[25] 王荣蛟, 莫苏, 袁再美, 等.肠道微生物的色氨酸代谢物对宿主肠道健康影响的研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2022, 58(3):7-12. WANG R J, MO S, YUAN Z M, et al.Research progress on the effects of tryptophan metabolites from intestinal microorganisms on host health[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2022, 58(3):7-12.(in Chinese)
[26] 秦袖平, 安雅婷.色氨酸-犬尿氨酸代谢通路与神经退行性疾病及中医药干预作用的研究进展[J].天津中医药, 2019, 36(10):1031-1036. QIN X P, AN Y T.Research progress of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathways and neurodegenerative diseases with intervention of traditional Chinese medicine[J].Tianjin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2019, 36(10):1031-1036.(in Chinese)
[27] 崔灿, 李盈, 杨豪杰, 等.色氨酸代谢与炎性肠病相关研究进展[J].医学综述, 2021, 27(14):2726-2730. CUI C, LI Y, YANG H J, et al.Research progress of tryptophan metabolism and inflammatory bowel disease[J].Medical Recapitulate, 2021, 27(14):2726-2730.(in Chinese)
[28] 孔令锋, 胡建.色氨酸代谢通路与精神分裂症的相关研究进展[J].神经损伤与功能重建, 2021, 16(6):344-346. KONG L F, HU J.Research progress of tryptophan metabolism pathway and schizophrenia[J].Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, 2021, 16(6):344-346.(in Chinese)
[29] BIRKL P, BHARWANI A, KJAER J B, et al.Differences in cecal microbiome of selected high and low feather-pecking laying hens[J].Poultry Science, 2018, 97(9):3009-3014.  
[30] VAN DER EIJK J A J, LAMMERS A, KJAER J B, et al.Stress response, peripheral serotonin and natural antibodies in feather pecking genotypes and phenotypes and their relation with coping style[J].Physiology & Behavior, 2019, 199:1-10.
[31] BIRKL P, CHOW J, FORSYTHE P, et al.The role of tryptophan-kynurenine in feather pecking in domestic chicken lines[J].Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2019, 6:209.
[32] 王晓丹, 刘帅, 张莹, 等.犬尿喹啉酸及3-羟基犬尿氨酸与阿尔茨海默病的相关性研究[J].中华老年心脑血管病杂志, 2020, 22(8):855-857. WANG X D, LIU S, ZHANG Y, et al.Relationship of kynurenic acid and 3-hydroxykynurenine with AD[J].Chinese Journal of Geriatric Heart Brain and Vessel Diseases, 2020, 22(8):855-857.(in Chinese)
[33] FUJIGAKI H, YAMAMOTO Y, SAITO K.L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway enzymes are therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric diseases:focus on cell type differences[J].Neuropharmacology, 2017, 112(Pt B):264-274.
[34] 郭小宇, 韩彦青, 吕炜.喹啉酸在神经精神疾病方面的研究进展[J].海南医学院学报, 2020, 26(16):1277-1280. GUO X Y, HAN Y Q, LV W.Research progress of quinolinic acid in neuropsychiatric diseases[J].Journal of Hainan Medical University, 2020, 26(16):1277-1280.(in Chinese)
[35] 王荣杰, 韩彦青, 王志荣, 等.犬尿喹啉酸与阿尔茨海默病的研究进展[J].南昌大学学报(医学版), 2021, 61(5):83-86. WANG R J, HAN Y Q, WANG Z R, et al.Research progress in relationship between kynurenic acid and cognitive impairment[J].Journal of Nanchang University (Medical Sciences), 2021, 61(5):83-86.(in Chinese)
[36] 王荣杰.犬尿氨酸3-单加氧酶抑制剂对慢性脑低灌注大鼠的认知功能影响及机制研究[D].硕士学位论文.太原:山西医科大学, 2021. WANG R J.The effect of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase inhibitor on the cognitive function of rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and its mechanism[D].Master's Thesis.Taiyuan:Shanxi Medical University, 2021.(in Chinese)
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2