研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

育肥期华西牛蛋白质与能量需要量研究

  • 张莹 ,
  • 吴兆海 ,
  • 卜登攀
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  • 1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193;
    2. 青岛农业大学动物科技学院, 青岛 266109
张莹(1997—),女,河南焦作人,硕士研究生,从事反刍动物营养研究。E-mail:ZYzhangyingjz@163.com

收稿日期: 2022-05-12

  网络出版日期: 2022-12-15

基金资助

农业农村部畜牧兽医局的招标项目"肉牛大宗能量饲料原料营养价值评定及参数建立";中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS07-1)

A Study on Protein and Energy Requirements of Huaxi Cattle during Fattening Period

  • ZHANG Ying ,
  • WU Zhaohai ,
  • BU Dengpan
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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
    2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China

Received date: 2022-05-12

  Online published: 2022-12-15

摘要

本试验旨在探究育肥期华西牛蛋白质和能量需要量,为华西牛高效饲养提供理论依据。试验选用75头12月龄体况接近的华西牛公牛为研究对象,随机分为3组(每组25头),分别为自由采食组(自由采食)、75%限饲组(饲喂量为自由采食量的75%)和50%限饲组(饲喂量为自由采食量的50%),进行为期52 d的饲养试验,试验期间自由饮水。试验开始前和结束后称量每头牛的体重,并计算平均日增重(ADG)。饲养试验结束后,每组随机选10头牛进行为期5 d的消化代谢试验,采集粪、尿和饲粮样,根据粪、尿和饲粮样中能量值和粗蛋白质含量计算能量代谢指标(食入总能、消化能、代谢能、甲烷能)和蛋白质代谢指标(粗蛋白质采食量、可消化蛋白质、沉积蛋白质),并根据析因式原理,建立能量和蛋白质需要量的回归方程。结果显示:自由采食组平均日增重达1.59 kg/d,远高于75%限饲组的0.61 kg/d和50%限饲组的-0.47 kg/d。育肥期华西牛粗蛋白质、可消化粗蛋白质、消化能、代谢能需要量的回归模型为:CP=7.10 W0.75+270.80 ADG;DCP=4.36W0.75+127.10ADG;DE=0.79W0.75+23.67ADG;ME=0.70W0.75+21.36ADG (CP为粗蛋白质需要量,g/d;DCP为可消化粗蛋白质需要量,g/d;DE为消化能需要量,MJ/d;ME为代谢能需要量,MJ/d;W0.75为代谢体重,kg;ADG为平均日增重,kg/d)。根据回归模型计算得出:育肥期华西牛公牛(379 kg)维持需要消化能为67.85 MJ/d、代谢能为60.05 MJ/d、粗蛋白质为609.11 g/d、可消化粗蛋白质为374.04 g/d,每千克增重所需消化能为23.67 MJ、代谢能为21.36 MJ、粗蛋白质为270.80 g、可消化粗蛋白质为127.10 g。本研究结果可为育肥期华西牛能量和蛋白质需要提供数据参考。

本文引用格式

张莹 , 吴兆海 , 卜登攀 . 育肥期华西牛蛋白质与能量需要量研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(12) : 7886 -7894 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.12.038

Abstract

This trial aimed to study protein and energy requirements of Huaxi cattle during fattening period, providing a theoretical basis for the breeding of Huaxi cattle. Seventy-five 12-month-old Huaxi bulls with similar physical condition were involved in the present study, and randomly assigned into 3 groups (25 bulls per group):ad libitum group (free feeding), 75% ad libitum group (75% feed intake of free feeding group of the previous day) and 50% ad libitum group (50% feed intake of free feeding group of the previous day). Unlimited access to fresh and clean water for cattle during 52-day feeding. Body weight of each cattle was weighted before and after feeding experiment, and the average daily gain (ADG) was calculated. After feeding experiment, 10 cattle from each group were randomly selected for a 5-day digestion metabolism experiment. Feces, urine and feed samples were collected and used for energy and protein determination, the metabolism parameters on energy (total energy intake, digestible energy, metabolic energy and methane energy) and protein (crude protein intake, digestible crude protein and deposited protein) were calculated, respectively. The regression equations for energy and protein requirements were developed based on the principle of factorization. The ADG of ad libitum group is 1.59 kg/d, which was much higher than the 0.61 kg/d in 75% of ad libitum intake group and -0.47 kg/d in the 50% of ad libitum intake group. The regression models of crude protein, digestible protein, digestible energy, and metabolic energy of Huaxi cattle in the fattening period were:CP=7.10W0.75+270.80ADG;DCP=4.36W0.75+127.10 ADG;DE=0.79W0.75+23.67ADG;ME=0.70W0.75+21.36ADG (CP was crude protein requirement, g/d; DCP was digestible crude protein requirement, g/d; DE was digestible energy requirement, MJ/d; ME was metabolic energy requirement, MJ/d; W0.75 was metabolic body weight, kg; ADG was average daily gain, kg/d). According to the regression model, the maintenance requirements of 12-month-old Huaxi bull (379 kg) were 67.85 MJ/d of digestible energy, 60.05 MJ/d of metabolic energy, 609.11 g/d of crude protein, and 374.04 g/d of digestible crude protein. The requirements for per kilogram of weight gain were 23.67 MJ of digestible energy, 21.36 MJ of metabolic energy, 270.80 g of crude protein and 127.10 g of digestible crude protein. This study provides a reference for the energy and protein requirements of Huaxi cattle during fattening period.

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