研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

大豆皂苷对吉富罗非鱼肠道菌群和肠道健康的影响

  • 张鑫 ,
  • 常恩慧 ,
  • 付裕 ,
  • 徐洁 ,
  • 韩蓓 ,
  • 周梓涵 ,
  • 王安然 ,
  • 苗淑彦
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  • 扬州大学动物科学与技术学院, 扬州 225000
张鑫(1999—),男,江苏泰兴人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水生动物营养与饲料。E-mail:zhangxin_909@163.com

收稿日期: 2022-05-12

  网络出版日期: 2022-12-15

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(31972799)

Effects of Soyasaponins on Intestinal Microflora and Intestinal Health of Genetic Improved Farmed Tilapia

  • ZHANG Xin ,
  • CHANG Enhui ,
  • FU Yu ,
  • XU Jie ,
  • HAN Bei ,
  • ZHOU Zihan ,
  • WANG Anran ,
  • MIAO Shuyan
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  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China

Received date: 2022-05-12

  Online published: 2022-12-15

摘要

本试验旨在研究大豆皂苷对吉富罗非鱼肠道菌群和肠道健康的影响。以鱼粉为主要蛋白质源,配制粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量分别为35%和8%的对照组饲料(G1组);在对照组饲料中分别添加0.3%(G2组)和0.6%(G3组)的大豆皂苷(纯度为60%),配制2种添加大豆皂苷饲料;此外,用40%的豆粕替代对照组饲料中27%的鱼粉(替代57.5%的鱼粉蛋白)(G4组),配制1种添加豆粕饲料。4种试验饲料等氮等能,每种试验饲料饲喂3桶吉富罗非鱼,每桶放养40尾鱼,饲喂期为28 d。分别在养殖的第14天和第28天取样测定罗非鱼肠道菌群组成和肠道健康相关基因的mRNA相对表达量。结果显示:在第14天,G2、G3组的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)显著低于G1和G4组(P<0.05);G2、G3和G4组肠道中白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和闭合蛋白4(CLDN4)的mRNA相对表达量与G1组相比显著上升(P<0.05),且G2和G3组肠道中IL-8和CLDN4的mRNA相对表达量显著高于G4组(P<0.05)。在第28天,G1、G2组的WGR显著低于G3、G4组(P<0.05),SGR显著低于G4组(P<0.05);肠道中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和咬合蛋白(OCLN)的mRNA相对表达量在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05);G4组肠道中IL-8、IL-10、IFN-γCLDN4的mRNA相对表达量显著高于其余3组(P<0.05),而闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)和转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)的mRNA相对表达量显著低于其余3组(P<0.05);G2和G3组的TNF-α和闭合蛋白3(CLDN3)的mRNA相对表达量显著高于G1和G4组(P<0.05)。吉富罗非鱼肠道菌群中的优势菌门为梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。随着养殖时间的延长,除G1组外的其余各组肠道菌群中Fusobacteria的相对丰度明显上升;除G2组外的其余各组肠道菌群中Proteobacteria和Bacteroidetes的相对丰度明显下降。吉富罗非鱼肠道菌群中的优势菌属为鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)、Aurantimicrobium、分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)、Reyranella和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)。随着养殖时间的延长,G1、G3和G4组肠道菌群中Cetobacterium的相对丰度上升,G2、G3和G4组肠道菌群中Bacillus的相对丰度下降。综合来看,大豆皂苷和豆粕对吉富罗非鱼的生长性能、肠道健康相关因子的表达以及肠道菌群组成和相对丰度均有显著影响,并与大豆皂苷添加量存在一定的相关性;然而,随着养殖时间的延长,吉富罗非鱼对大豆皂苷表现出一定的耐受性。

本文引用格式

张鑫 , 常恩慧 , 付裕 , 徐洁 , 韩蓓 , 周梓涵 , 王安然 , 苗淑彦 . 大豆皂苷对吉富罗非鱼肠道菌群和肠道健康的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(12) : 7993 -8006 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.12.047

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the effects of soyasaponins on the intestinal microflora and intestinal health of genetic improved farmed tilapia (GIFT). Fish meal was used as the main protein source, and the control group diet (G1) with 35% crude protein and 8% crude fat was prepared; 0.3% (G2) and 0.6% (G3) of soyasaponins (purity of 60%) were added to the control group diet, respectively, to prepare two kinds of soyasaponins added diet; in addition, 40% soybean meal was used to replace 27% of fish meal (57.5% of fish meal protein) in the control group diet (G4), and 1 kind of soybean meal added diet was prepared. Four experimental diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, and each of them was fed three tanks of GIFT for 28 days with 40 fish in each tank. The composition of intestinal microflora and the expression of intestinal health-related genes of GIFT were sampled and measured on the 14th and 28th day, respectively. The results showed that on the 14th day, the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) in G2 and G3 group were significantly lower than those in G1 and G4 groups (P<0.05). The mRNA relative expression levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and claudin 4 (CLDN4) increased significantly in G2, G3 and G4 groups compared with G1 group (P<0.05), and the mRNA relative expression levels of IL-8 and CLDN4 in G2 and G3 groups were significantly higher than those in G4 group (P<0.05). On the 28th day, the WGR in G1 and G2 groups was significantly lower than that in G3 and G4 groups (P<0.05), and the SGR was significantly lower than that in G4 group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the mRNA relative expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and occludin (OCLN) among all groups (P>0.05). The mRNA relative expression levels of IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ and CLDN4 in G4 group were significantly higher than those in the other three groups (P<0.05), while the mRNA relative expression levels of zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in G4 group were significantly lower than that in the other three groups (P<0.05). The mRNA relative expression levels of TNF-α and claudin 3 (CLDN3) in G2 and G3 groups were significantly higher than those in G1 and G4 groups (P<0.05). The dominant bacterial phyla in the microflora of GIFT were Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. With the extension of culture time, the relative abundance of Fusobacteria in the intestinal microflora of the other groups except G1 group increased obviously; the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes in the intestinal microflora of the other groups except G2 group decreased obviously. The dominant genera in the microflora of GIFT were Cetobacterium, Aurantimicrobium, Mycobacterium, Reyranella and Bacillus. With the extension of culture time, the relative abundance of Cetobacterium in the intestinal microflora of GIFT in G1, G3 and G4 groups was increased, and the relative abundance of Bacillus in the intestinal microflora of GIFT in G2, G3 and G4 groups was decreased. Taken together, soyasaponins and soybean meal have significant effects on the growth performance, the expression of intestinal health-related factors, intestinal microflora composition and relative abundance of GIFT, and have a certain correlation with the addition of soyasaponins. However, GIFT showed a certain tolerance to soyasaponins with the extension of culture time.

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