动物营养学报 >

2022 , Vol. 34 >Issue 12: 8007 - 8021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.12.048

研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

饲料中添加植物甾醇对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长性能、健康状况和肌肉质构的影响

  • 王艺 ,
  • 董凯玥 ,
  • 吴建军 ,
  • 赵旭民 ,
  • 李罗新 ,
  • 金佳利 ,
  • 褚志鹏 ,
  • 柴毅 ,
  • 刘伟
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  • 1. 长江大学农学院/动物科学学院, 荆州 434020;
    2. 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所, 农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室, 武汉 430223;
    3. 上海海洋大学水产与生命学院, 上海 201306;
    4. 武汉新华扬生物股份有限公司, 武汉 430074;
    5. 浙江华太生物科技有限公司, 金华 322005
王艺(1997—),男,海南海口人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水产动物营养。E-mail:1269590385@qq.com

收稿日期: 2022-05-12

  网络出版日期: 2022-12-15

基金资助

广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2021B0202050001）；湖北省重点研发计划项目（2020BBB113）

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Effects of Dietary Phytosterol on Growth Performance, Health Status and Muscle Texture of Juvenile Micropterus salmoides

  • WANG Yi ,
  • DONG Kaiyue ,
  • WU Jianjun ,
  • ZHAO Xumin ,
  • LI Luoxin ,
  • JIN Jiali ,
  • CHU Zhipeng ,
  • CHAI Yi ,
  • LIU Wei
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  • 1. College of Agriculture/College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434020, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China;
    3. College of Aquatic Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    4. SUNHY Biological Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430074, China;
    5. Zhejiang Huatai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinhua 322005, China

Received date: 2022-05-12

  Online published: 2022-12-15

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摘要

为研究饲料中添加植物甾醇对大口黑鲈生长性能、健康状况及肌肉质构的影响，试验配制植物甾醇含量分别为0（TZ0，对照）、22.5（TZ22）、45.0（TZ45）、67.5（TZ67）和90.0 mg/kg （TZ90）的5种试验饲料。挑选600尾大口黑鲈[初均重为（5.01±0.06） g]随机分为5组，每组3个重复，每个重复40尾鱼。按试验分组投喂5种饲料，养殖周期为8周。结果表明：与TZ0组相比，1）饲料中添加植物甾醇对试验鱼的生长性能和饲料利用率无显著影响（P>0.05）；2） TZ45、TZ67、TZ90组全鱼粗脂肪和肌肉糖原含量显著降低（P<0.05），各试验组肝糖原含量显著降低（P<0.05），而TZ22、TA67、TZ90组全鱼和肌肉的水分含量则得到显著提高（P<0.05）；3） TZ22和TZ67组试验鱼血清的谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性均显著降低（P<0.05），TZ45和TZ90组血清葡萄糖含量显著升高（P<0.05），TZ22、TZ67和TZ90组血清甘油三酯含量显著提高（P<0.05）；4） TZ67组血清过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著提高（P<0.05），而TZ90组的血清丙二醛含量和肝脏CAT活性显著降低（P<0.05）；5）试验鱼的肌肉硬度（除TZ90组外）、黏连性和黏附性均得到显著提高（P<0.05）；6）饲料中添加植物甾醇对试验鱼肝脏组织结构无显著影响，TZ90组肝细胞宽度显著提高（P<0.05），TZ45组肝脏红度（a*）值显著升高（P<0.05）；7）试验鱼肠道绒毛特征无显著变化（P>0.05）。肠道切片显示TZ0组试验鱼的肠道存在明显的受损现象，而TZ22、TZ45、TZ67和TZ90组肠绒毛结构完整，肠绒毛异常现象不明显。以上结果表明，饲料中添加适量的植物甾醇可显著改善大口黑鲈肝脏、肠道健康和肌肉物理品质；分别以全鱼粗脂肪含量、肝糖原含量为评价指标，通过二次回归模型分析得出大口黑鲈饲料中植物甾醇的适宜添加量为59.2~64.0 mg/kg。

关键词： 植物甾醇; 大口黑鲈; 生长; 健康; 肌肉质构

本文引用格式

王艺 , 董凯玥 , 吴建军 , 赵旭民 , 李罗新 , 金佳利 , 褚志鹏 , 柴毅 , 刘伟 . 饲料中添加植物甾醇对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长性能、健康状况和肌肉质构的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(12) : 8007 -8021 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.12.048

Abstract

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary phytosterol on the growth performance, health status and muscle texture of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Phytosterol was supplemented into a basal diet with the levels of 0 (TZ0),22.5 (TZ22), 45.0 (TZ45), 67.5 (TZ67) and 90.0 mg/kg (TZ90), respectively. A total of 600 largemouth bass[initial average weight (5.01±0.06) g] were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 3 replicates in each group, and 40 experimental fish in each replicate. Five diets were fed according to the grouping design of the experiment. The feeding period was 8 weeks The results showed as follows:compared with TZ0 group,1) the diets supplemented with phytosterol had no significant effect on the growth performance and feed utilization of the experimental fish (P>0.05); 2) the crude lipid and muscle glycogen contents of whole body in TZ45, TZ67 and TZ90 groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), the liver glycogen content of experimental groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the water content of whole body and muscle in TZ22, TA67 and TZ90 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05); 3) the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum of experimental fish in TZ22 and TZ67 groups decreased significantly (P<0.05), serum glucose content in TZ45 and TZ90 groups increased significantly (P<0.05), and serum triglyceride content in TZ22, TZ67 and TZ90 groups increased significantly (P<0.05); 4) serum catalase (CAT) activity increased significantly in TZ45 and TZ67 groups (P<0.05), while serum malondialdehyde content and liver CAT activity decreased significantly in TZ90 group (P<0.05); 5) the hardness (except for TZ90 group), stringiness and adhesiveness of the muscle of the experimental fish were significantly improved (P<0.05); 6) the diets supplemented with phytosterol had no obvious effect on the liver structure of experimental fish, the width of hepatocytes in TZ90 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the redness (a*) value of liver in TZ45 group was significantly increased (P<0.05); 7) there was no significant change in the characteristics of intestinal villi (P>0.05). Through intestinal slices, it could be found that the intestines of experimental fish in TZ0 group were obviously damaged, while the intestinal villi in TZ22, TZ45, TZ67 and TZ90 groups were complete, and the abnormal phenomenon of intestinal villi was not obvious. It is concluded that the diet supplemented with an appropriate amount of phytosterol can significantly improve its liver, intestinal health and muscle physical quality. Through the quadratic regression model to analyze its whole fish crude fat and liver glycogen, it can be concluded that the optimal addition level of phytosterol in the diet of largemouth bass is 59.2 to 64.0 mg/kg.

Key words： phytosterol; largemouth bass; growth; health; muscle texture

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