1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计与饲养管理
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 中药组 Chinese medicine group | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |||
| 玉米 Corn | 15.0 | 15.0 | |
| 小麦麸 Wheat bran | 15.0 | 15.0 | |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 12.0 | 12.0 | |
| 次粉 Wheat middling | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
| 玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
| 苜蓿草粉 Alfalfa meal | 25.0 | 24.0 | |
| 稻壳粉 Rice hull meal | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| 中药添加剂 Chinese medicine additives | 1.0 | ||
| 合计 Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 消化能 DE/(MJ/kg) | 10.6 | 10.5 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 15.3 | 14.6 | |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 2.4 | 2.3 | |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 10.1 | 9.8 | |
| 粗纤维 CF | 14.7 | 14.5 | |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 43.6 | 43.2 | |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 21.4 | 21.0 | |
| 酸性洗涤木质素 ADL | 4.8 | 4.7 | |
| 钙 Ca | 1.0 | 0.9 | |
| 磷 P | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided for the following per kilogram of diets: VA 8 000 IU,VD3 1 500 IU,VE 45 mg,VK3 2.0 mg,VB1 1.0 mg,VB2 3.0 mg,VB6 1.5 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 30 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 50 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.5 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 100 mg,Fe 50 mg,Cu 10 mg,Zn 50 mg,Mn 10 mg,I 0.5 mg,Se 0.05 mg,赖氨酸 Lys 1.5 g,蛋氨酸 Met 0.5 g。 2)营养水平除消化能外均为实测值。Nutrient levels were measured values except DE. |
1.2 样品采集与指标测定
1.2.1 试验兔舍温度和相对湿度
1.2.2 饲粮营养成分
1.2.3 生长性能和成活率
1.2.4 屠宰试验
1.2.5 盲肠内容物发酵参数及细菌区系
1.2.6 盲肠内容物和粪便球虫圆小囊数
1.2.7 血清生化指标
1.3 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 试验期兔舍温度和相对湿度变化情况
2.2 中药添加剂对热应激生长兔生长性能和成活率的影响
表2 中药添加剂对热应激生长兔生长性能和成活率的影响Table 2 Effects of Chinese medicine additives on growth performance and survival rate of heat-stressed growing rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 中药组 Chinese medicine group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 成活率 Survival rate/% | 70.8±8.3 | 83.3±13.6 | 0.168 |
| 初重 Initial weight/g | 1 233.9±167.3 | 1 354.7±142.7 | 0.059 |
| 末重 Final weight/g | 2 103.3±140.4 | 2 138.4±138.7 | 0.116 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 20.7±2.8 | 19.9±2.3 | 0.444 |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 135.7±0.7 | 136.1±0.3 | 0.081 |
| 料重比 F/G | 6.7±0.9 | 6.9±0.7 | 0.471 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.3 中药添加剂对热应激生长兔屠宰性能的影响
表3 中药添加剂对热应激生长兔屠宰性能的影响Table 3 Effects of Chinese medicine additives on slaughter performance of heat-stressed growing rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 中药组 Chinese medicine group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 宰前活重 Live weight before slaughter/g | 2 169.4±149.6 | 2 273.9±140.4 | 0.172 |
| 半净膛重 Semi-eviscerated weight/g | 1 147.6±105.5b | 1 269.4±65.8a | 0.015 |
| 半净膛率 Semi-eviscerated percentage/% | 52.9±2.5b | 55.9±2.9a | 0.040 |
| 盲肠长度 Caecum length/cm | 52.8±6.5 | 50.6±5.0 | 0.477 |
| 盲肠重量 Caecum weight/g | 159.6±30.2 | 153.5±37.4 | 0.724 |
2.4 中药添加剂对热应激生长兔盲肠内容物发酵参数的影响
表4 中药添加剂对热应激生长兔盲肠内容物发酵参数的影响Table 4 Effects of Chinese medicine additives on caecal contents fermentation parameters of heat-stressed growing rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 中药组 Chinese medicine group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 6.2±0.2 | 6.3±0.2 | 0.433 |
| 干物质 DM/% | 29.3±2.1b | 31.3±2.5a | 0.038 |
| 乙酸 Acetic acid/(μg/g FM) | 1 704.9±402.5 | 1 388.8±285.8 | 0.092 |
| 丙酸 Propionic acid/(μg/g FM) | 119.9±50.0 | 85.6±19.3 | 0.092 |
| 丁酸 Butyric acid/(μg/g FM) | 436.3±231.2 | 315.3±155.3 | 0.240 |
| 异丁酸 Iso-butyric acid/(μg/g FM) | 6.4±2.0 | 6.3±2.7 | 0.927 |
| 戊酸 Valeric acid/(μg/g FM) | 27.1±7.0 | 22.5±6.7 | 0.203 |
| 异戊酸 Iso-valeric acid/(μg/g FM) | 7.0±1.7 | 6.8±2.0 | 0.907 |
| 己酸 Capric acid/(μg/g FM) | 10.7±6.0 | 13.0±10.6 | 0.616 |
| 尿素氮 Urea nitrogen/(μg/g FM) | 154.0±43.6 | 171.7±56.5 | 0.495 |
2.5 中药添加剂对热应激生长兔盲肠内容物细菌区系的影响
表5 中药添加剂对热应激生长兔盲肠内容物细菌总数和alpha多样性的影响Table 5 Effects of Chinese medicine additives on total bacteria count and alpha diversity in caecal contents of heat-stressed growing rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 中药组 Chinese medicine group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 细菌总数Total bacteria count/[lg(CFU/g FM)] | 5.8±0.2 | 5.8±0.2 | 0.898 |
| 覆盖率 Good’s coverage/% | 99.8±0.0 | 99.8±0.0 | 0.334 |
| 观测物种 Observed species | 1 049.8±67.3 | 1 052.5±43.5 | 0.924 |
| Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 1 102.5±73.7 | 1 160.1±183.0 | 0.423 |
| Shannon指数 Shannon index | 7.9±0.3 | 7.8±0.2 | 0.468 |
表6 中药添加剂对热应激生长兔盲肠内容物细菌区系种属相对丰度的影响Table 6 Effects of Chinese medicine additives on relative abundance of bacterial flora in caecal contents of heat-stressed growing rabbits % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 中药组 Chinese medicine group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 颤螺旋菌科NK4A214群 Oscillospiraceae NK4A214_group | 10.0±1.9 | 11.2±2.4 | 0.306 |
| 瘤胃球菌属 Ruminococcus | 6.7±2.0 | 5.7±2.1 | 0.355 |
| 克里斯滕森菌科R-7群 Christensenellaceae_R-7_group | 4.1±0.9 | 4.9±1.7 | 0.463 |
| 瘤胃球菌科V9D2013群 Ruminococcaceae_V9D2013_group | 3.0±1.4 | 3.2±3.4 | 0.636 |
| 毛螺菌科NK4A3164群 Lachnospiraceae_NK4A3164_group | 2.5±0.5 | 2.5±0.5 | 0.872 |
| 惰性真杆菌 Eubacterium_siraeum | 1.1±0.4 | 1.3±0.4 | 0.338 |
| Monoglobus | 1.6±0.3 | 1.6±0.3 | 0.979 |
| 经黏液真杆菌属 Blautia | 1.0±0.5 | 1.1±0.8 | 0.724 |
| 普雷沃氏菌属 Prevotella | 1.1±1.9 | 0.7±0.6 | 0.519 |
| 栖粪杆菌属 Faecalibacterium | 0.2±0.1b | 1.0±1.1a | 0.049 |
| 普氏栖粪杆菌 Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii | 0.2±0.1b | 1.0±1.0a | 0.047 |
| 阿克曼菌属 Akkermansia | 0.7±0.6 | 1.6±1.2 | 0.080 |
| 大肠杆菌 Escherichia coli | 0.06±0.10 | 0.16±0.10 | 0.088 |
| 内脏异味杆菌 Odoribacter_splanchnicus | 0.03±0.02 | 0.02±0.01 | 0.128 |
| 产气荚膜梭菌 Clostridium_perfringens | 0.01±0.02 | 0.00±0.00 | 0.301 |
2.6 中药添加剂对热应激生长兔盲肠内容物和粪便球虫圆小囊数的影响
表7 中药添加剂对热应激生长兔盲肠内容物与粪便球虫圆小囊数的影响Table 7 Effects of Chinese medicine additives on coccidian oocysts number in caecal contents and feces of heat-stressed growing rabbits 个 |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 中药组 Chinese medicine group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 盲肠内容物球虫圆小囊数 Coccidian oocysts number in caecal contents | 408.3±192.9 | 308.3±183.2 | 0.393 |
| 粪便球虫圆小囊数 Coccidian oocysts number in feces | 1 516.7±598.3 | 1 033.3±686.7 | 0.082 |
2.7 中药添加剂对热应激生长兔血清生化指标的影响
表8 中药添加剂对热应激生长兔血清生化指标的影响Table 8 Effects of Chinese medicine additives on serum biochemical indices of heat-stressed growing rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 中药组 Chinese medicine group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 61.7±7.3 | 65.8±7.9 | 0.306 |
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/L) | 40.3±3.9 | 43.5±3.8 | 0.127 |
| 球蛋白 GLB/(g/L) | 21.4±4.2 | 22.3±4.8 | 0.693 |
| 白蛋白/球蛋白 A/G | 1.9±0.3 | 2.0±0.4 | 0.611 |
| 葡萄糖 GLU/(g/L) | 9.3±1.9 | 8.8±0.8 | 0.451 |
| 尿素氮 UN/(g/L) | 4.8±0.7 | 4.8±0.5 | 0.920 |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(mmol/L) | 0.7±0.2 | 0.6±0.1 | 0.764 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 732.3±61.9 | 744.3±56.0 | 0.691 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 15.4±4.2 | 15.8±4.0 | 0.848 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(mmol/L) | 4.3±2.0 | 4.2±0.9 | 0.906 |
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(mg/L) | 106.5±16.8 | 108.3±12.9 | 0.811 |

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