1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 青贮调制方法
1.3 测定指标及方法
1.3.1 发酵品质
1.3.2 营养成分
1.3.3 体外消化率
1.4 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 品种、种植密度和添加剂对全株玉米青贮发酵品质的影响
表1 品种、种植密度和添加剂对全株玉米青贮发酵品质的影响Table 1 Effects of varieties, planting density and additives on fermentation quality of whole corn silage |
| 品种 Varieties | 种植密度 Planting density | 添加剂 Additives | pH | 氨态氮 NH3-N/ (% TN) | 乳酸 LA/ (% DM) | 乙酸 AA/ (% DM) | 丙酸 PA/ (% DM) | 丁酸 BA/ (% DM) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
大康205 Dakang 205 | 高 High | CK | 3.78de | 5.39a | 2.58c | 0.65d | 0.17ef | 0.07cde | |
| LB | 3.80bcde | 5.02ab | 2.75c | 0.96cd | 0.25def | 0.05de | |||
低 Low | CK | 3.77de | 4.97ab | 4.15abc | 1.27bcd | 0.41bcd | 0.08bcde | ||
| LB | 3.79cde | 5.38a | 3.22bc | 1.34bcd | 0.11ef | 0.05de | |||
中玉335 Zhongyu 335 | 高 High | CK | 3.74e | 5.07ab | 6.06a | 2.49ab | 0.16ef | 0.13ab | |
| LB | 3.80bcde | 4.76ab | 5.68ab | 2.71a | 0.09f | 0.10bcd | |||
低 Low | CK | 3.92abc | 3.32cd | 2.81c | 1.31bcd | 0.12ef | 0.08bcde | ||
| LB | 3.94ab | 4.14bc | 3.72abc | 1.77abcd | 0.24def | 0.16a | |||
高油958 Gaoyou 858 | 高 High | CK | 3.93abc | 3.45cd | 3.61abc | 1.79abcd | 0.43bcd | 0.07cde | |
| LB | 3.89abcd | 3.40cd | 3.12c | 1.37bcd | 0.06f | 0.04e | |||
低 Low | CK | 3.92abc | 3.18cd | 2.89c | 1.29bcd | 0.35cde | 0.12abc | ||
| LB | 3.98a | 2.79d | 3.21bc | 2.58a | 1.06a | 0.10bcd | |||
中农787 Zhongnong 787 | 高 High | CK | 3.88abcde | 3.89bcd | 3.28bc | 1.94abc | 0.10f | 0.05cde | |
| LB | 3.88abcde | 3.49cd | 3.96abc | 1.50abcd | 0.44bcd | 0.06cde | |||
低 Low | CK | 3.86abcde | 4.24abc | 4.32abc | 1.61abcd | 0.65b | 0.09bcde | ||
| LB | 3.81bcde | 4.11bc | 4.31abc | 1.93abc | 0.49bc | 0.07cde | |||
| 标准差 SD | 0.01 | 0.32 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.00 | |||
| 品种平均值 Mean of varieties | |||||||||
| 大康205 Dakang 205 | 3.79c | 5.19a | 3.17b | 1.05b | 0.23bc | 0.06b | |||
| 中玉335 Zhongyu 335 | 3.84bc | 4.34b | 4.64a | 2.10a | 0.15c | 0.11a | |||
| 高油958 Gaoyou 858 | 3.93a | 3.20c | 3.21b | 1.76a | 0.47a | 0.08b | |||
| 中农787 Zhongnong 787 | 3.86b | 3.93b | 3.97ab | 1.75a | 0.42ab | 0.07b | |||
| 种植密度平均值 Mean of planting density | |||||||||
| 高 High | 3.84 | 4.31 | 3.88 | 1.68 | 0.21b | 0.07b | |||
| 低 Low | 3.87 | 4.01 | 3.57 | 1.63 | 0.44a | 0.09a | |||
| 添加剂平均值 Mean of additives | |||||||||
| CK | 3.85 | 4.19 | 3.71 | 1.54 | 0.33 | 0.09 | |||
| LB | 3.86 | 4.13 | 3.75 | 1.77 | 0.35 | 0.08 | |||
| 差异显著性 Significance of difference | |||||||||
| 品种 Variety | *** | *** | * | ** | *** | *** | |||
| 种植密度 Planting density | NS | NS | NS | NS | *** | * | |||
| 添加剂 Additive | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||
| 品种×种植密度 Variety×planting density | * | * | ** | * | ** | NS | |||
| 品种×添加剂 Variety×additive | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||
| 种植密度×添加剂 Planting density×additive | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||
| 品种×种植密度×添加剂 Variety×planting density×additive | NS | NS | NS | NS | *** | * | |||
同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。高密度:8.25×104株/hm2;低密度:6.75×104株/hm2;CK:无添加剂;LB:添加布氏乳杆菌。“*”、“**”和“***”分别表示P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001,“NS”表示P>0.05。下表同。 | |
Values in the same column with different lowercase letter superscripts indicated significant differences (P<0.05), while with the same lowercase letter or no letter superscripts indicated no significant differences (P>0.05). High density: 8.25×104 plants/hm2; low density: 6.75×104 plants/hm2; CK: no additive; LB: adding Lactobacillus buchneri. “*”, “**” and “***” mean P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001, and “NS” indicated P>0.05, respectively. The same as below. |
2.2 品种、种植密度和添加剂对全株玉米青贮营养成分和体外消化率的影响
表2 品种、种植密度和添加剂全株玉米青贮的营养成分和体外消化率的影响Table 2 Effects of varieties, planting density and additives on nutrients and in vitro digestibility of whole corn silage |
| 品种 Varieties | 种植密度 Planting density | 添加剂 Additives | 干物质 DM/ (% FM) | 中性洗 涤纤维 NDF/ (% DM) | 酸性洗 涤纤维 ADF/ (% DM) | 可溶性 碳水 化合物 WSC/ (% DM) | 淀粉 ST/ (% DM) | 体外 干物质 消化率 IVDMD/ (% DM) | 体外中性 洗涤纤 维消化率 IVNDFD/ (% DM) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
大康205 Dakang 205 | 高 High | CK | 32.86bc | 34.25cd | 18.77cd | 0.42b | 29.51bc | 34.25d | 20.79abcd | |
| LB | 34.64ab | 31.04d | 13.13e | 0.48b | 30.69ab | 31.04d | 29.09a | |||
低 Low | CK | 32.89bc | 36.22cd | 20.28bcd | 0.52b | 29.11bc | 36.22d | 19.21abcde | ||
| LB | 33.93ab | 32.68cd | 17.88cd | 0.39b | 35.18a | 32.68d | 17.68bcde | |||
中玉335 Zhongyu 335 | 高 High | CK | 24.84e | 43.32ab | 25.88a | 0.54b | 21.25defg | 43.32c | 24.45abc | |
| LB | 24.54e | 46.53a | 28.02a | 0.65b | 19.83defg | 46.53c | 20.43abcd | |||
低 Low | CK | 27.62d | 47.01a | 27.91a | 1.23a | 15.00g | 47.01c | 26.41ab | ||
| LB | 28.34d | 45.43a | 26.77a | 0.79b | 16.14g | 45.43c | 20.36abcd | |||
高油958 Gaoyou 858 | 高 High | CK | 30.80c | 38.10bc | 21.26bc | 0.58b | 24.87cdef | 53.71b | 14.90cde | |
| LB | 33.39ab | 32.32cd | 18.23cd | 0.56b | 26.31cd | 56.63ab | 16.53e | |||
低 Low | CK | 35.43a | 34.25cd | 18.56cd | 0.59b | 26.05cde | 58.28ab | 12.13de | ||
| LB | 32.92bc | 36.71cd | 20.20bcd | 0.58b | 23.60cdef | 58.04ab | 15.86bcde | |||
中农787 Zhongnong 787 | 高 High | CK | 32.91bc | 35.34cd | 18.68cd | 0.65b | 25.17cde | 57.26ab | 17.69bcde | |
| LB | 35.08ab | 31.31d | 16.25de | 0.51b | 17.66fg | 61.99a | 19.75abcde | |||
低 Low | CK | 25.22e | 43.33ab | 24.06ab | 0.63b | 15.87g | 53.47b | 17.13bcde | ||
| LB | 26.32de | 43.33ab | 25.80a | 0.46b | 18.82efg | 53.74b | 19.32abcde | |||
| 标准差 SD | 0.16 | 0.76 | 0.43 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 3.46 | 1.60 | |||
| 品种平均值 Mean of varieties | ||||||||||
| 大康205 Dakang 205 | 33.58a | 33.55c | 17.52c | 0.45b | 33.62a | 33.55c | 21.69ab | |||
| 中玉335 Zhongyu 335 | 26.17c | 45.59a | 27.18a | 0.80a | 18.23c | 45.59b | 23.14a | |||
| 高油958 Gaoyou 858 | 33.14a | 35.35bc | 19.56bc | 0.58b | 25.21b | 56.66a | 12.86b | |||
| 中农787 Zhongnong 787 | 29.88b | 38.33bc | 21.20bc | 0.56b | 19.38c | 56.61a | 18.48b | |||
| 种植密度平均值 Mean of planting density | ||||||||||
| 高 High | 31.13a | 36.53b | 20.03b | 0.55 | 25.66a | 47.94 | 19.09 | |||
| 低 Low | 30.42b | 39.63a | 22.50a | 0.64 | 22.75b | 48.38 | 18.81 | |||
| 添加剂平均值 Mean of additive | ||||||||||
| CK | 30.32b | 38.98 | 21.93 | 0.65 | 23.35 | 48.09 | 19.45 | |||
| LB | 31.27a | 37.07 | 20.52 | 0.54 | 25.15 | 48.23 | 18.43 | |||
| 差异显著性 Significance of difference | ||||||||||
| 品种 Variety | *** | *** | *** | ** | *** | *** | ** | |||
| 种植密度 Planting density | * | ** | *** | NS | ** | NS | NS | |||
| 添加剂 Additive | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||
| 品种×种植密度 Variety×planting density | *** | ** | ** | NS | NS | * | NS | |||
| 品种×添加剂 Variety×additive | NS | NS | NS | NS | ** | NS | NS | |||
| 种植密度×添加剂 Planting density×additive | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||
| 品种×种植密度×添加剂 Variety×planting density×additive | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||
2.3 全株玉米青贮发酵品质与营养成分的相关性分析
图1 全株玉米青贮发酵品质与营养成分的相关性IVNDFD:体外中性洗涤纤维消化率 in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility;NH3-N:氨态氮 ammonia nitrogen;ST:淀粉 starch;PA:丙酸 propionic acid;IVDMD:体外干物质消化率 in vitro dry matter digestibility;LA:乳酸 lactic acid;AA:乙酸 acetic acid;WSC:可溶性碳水化合物 water soluble carbohydrate;BA:丁酸 butyric acid;NDF:中性洗涤纤维 neutral detergent fiber;ADF:酸性洗涤纤维 acid detergent fiber。 “*”、“**”和“***”分别表示P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001。“*”, “**” and “***” mean P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively. Fig.1 Correlation between fermentation quality and nutrients of whole corn silage |

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