1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验动物
1.3 常规营养成分及单宁含量测定
1.4 体外试验
1.4.1 体外培养装置
1.4.2 缓冲液及人工瘤胃培养液的配制
表1 缓冲液各组分的配制方案Table 1 Preparation scheme of each component in buffer |
| 项目 Items | 组成 Composition |
|---|---|
| A液 Liquid A | 13.2 g CaCl2·2H2O、10.0 g MnCl2·4H2O、1.0 g CoCl2·6H2O、8.0 g FeCl3·6H2O,加蒸馏水至100 mL |
| B液 Liquid B | 4.0 g NH4HCO3、35 g NaHCO3,加蒸馏水至1 000 mL |
| C液 Liquid C | 5.7 g Na2HPO4、6.2 g KH2PO4、0.6 g MgSO4·7H2O加蒸馏水至1 000 mL |
| 刃天青溶液 Resazurin solution | 100 mg刃天青溶解于100 mL蒸馏水 |
| 还原剂溶液 Reductant solution | 4.0 mL 1 mol/L NaOH、625.0 mg Na2S·9H2O,加蒸馏水95 mL |
A液:微量元素溶液;B液:缓冲溶液;C液:常量元素溶液。 | |
Liquid A: trace element solution; liquid B: buffer solution; liquid C: solution of common elements. |
1.4.3 体外产气试验
1.5 尼龙袋试验
1.6 参数模拟
P(t)= ;
P(t)=a+b×(1-e-ct);
ED=a+(b×c)/(c+k)。
1.7 数据处理与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 4种全株高粱青贮的常规营养成分及单宁含量
表2 4种全株高粱青贮的常规营养成分及单宁含量Table 2 Conventional nutritional components and tannin contents in 4 varieties of whole plant sorghum silage |
| 项目 Items | 晋糯3号 Jinnuo No. 3 | 辽甜1号 Liaotian No. 1 | 晋杂2001 Jinza 2001 | 晋杂1531 Jinza 1531 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质 DM/% | 37.96±0.28a | 24.85±0.23b | 38.56±0.26a | 38.83±0.43a |
| 总能 GE/(MJ/kg DM) | 16.78±0.03 | 16.88±0.04 | 16.82±0.05 | 16.81±0.02 |
| 淀粉 Starch/%DM | 24.30±0.34a | 10.94±0.24d | 21.74±0.59b | 18.10±1.20c |
| 粗蛋白质 CP/%DM | 7.50±0.05a | 4.50±0.09d | 7.04±0.06b | 5.62±0.07c |
| 粗脂肪 EE/%DM | 1.47±0.02b | 0.91±0.04c | 1.68±0.01a | 1.51±0.05b |
| 粗灰分 Ash/%DM | 5.91±0.16 | 5.57±0.09 | 6.03±0.18 | 5.84±0.14 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF/%DM | 29.68±0.54bc | 47.77±1.37a | 29.21±0.91c | 32.35±0.96b |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF/%DM | 17.21±0.34c | 28.98±0.92a | 17.62±0.52c | 19.64±0.69b |
| 酸性洗涤木质素 ADL/%DM | 2.43±0.05c | 3.84±0.05a | 3.30±0.10b | 3.12±0.13b |
| 单宁 Tannin/%DM | 0.096±0.005b | 0.050±0.010c | 0.154±0.024a | 0.178±0.018a |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 4种高粱全株青贮的体外发酵产气量及发酵参数
表3 4种全株高粱青贮的体外发酵72 h产气量及发酵参数Table 3 72 h gas production and gas production parameters of 4 varieties of whole plant sorghum silage after in vitro fermentation |
| 项目 Items | 晋糯3号 Jinnuo No. 3 | 辽甜1号 Liaotian No. 1 | 晋杂2001 Jinza 2001 | 晋杂1531 Jinza 1531 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 72 h产气量 72 h gas production/mL | 60.05±1.34 | 59.76±0.63 | 62.42±1.21 | 62.41±0.76 | |
| 理论最大产气量 Theological maximum gas production/mL | 60.01±1.20 | 58.34±0.54 | 61.82±1.22 | 61.38±0.75 | |
| 产气速度 Gas production rate/h-1 | 0.074±0.001b | 0.066±0.002c | 0.080±0.001a | 0.078±0.001a | |
| pH | 6.76±0.01 | 6.79±0.02 | 6.82±0.01 | 6.81±0.01 | |
| 氨态氮 NH3-N/(mmol/L) | 15.57±0.17a | 14.16±0.24b | 15.31±0.44a | 14.95±0.15ab | |
| 乙酸 Acetate/(mmol/L) | 51.71±0.54b | 53.52±0.38a | 51.55±0.68b | 50.67±0.38b | |
| 丙酸 Propionate/(mmol/L) | 17.49±0.24 | 17.45±0.09 | 17.70±0.24 | 17.46±0.17 | |
| 异丁酸 Isobutyrate/(mmol/L) | 1.06±0.01ab | 0.89±0.01c | 1.10±0.01a | 1.05±0.01b | |
| 丁酸 Butyrate/(mmol/L) | 7.73±0.09c | 6.76±0.09d | 8.65±0.23a | 8.19±0.13b | |
| 异戊酸 Isovalerate/(mmol/L) | 1.72±0.04a | 1.21±0.02b | 1.72±0.06a | 1.60±0.03a | |
| 戊酸 Valerate/(mmol/L) | 0.96±0.03a | 0.81±0.01b | 0.98±0.03a | 0.91±0.03a | |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA/(mmol/L) | 80.68±0.89 | 80.63±0.53 | 81.70±1.21 | 79.88±0.66 | |
| 乙丙比 A/P | 2.96±0.02b | 3.07±0.02a | 2.91±0.02b | 2.90±0.02b | |
2.3 4种全株高粱青贮体外发酵营养成分消失率及降解参数
2.3.1 DM消失率及降解参数
表4 4种全株高粱青贮体外发酵DM消失率及降解参数Table 4 DM disappearance rate and degradation parameters of 4 varieties of whole plant sorghum silage after in vitro fermentation |
| 项目 Items | 晋糯3号 Jinnuo No. 3 | 辽甜1号 Liaotian No. 1 | 晋杂2001 Jinza 2001 | 晋杂1531 Jinza 1531 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 消失率 Disappearance rate/% | ||||
| 4 h | 54.09±0.89a | 48.22±0.10c | 51.54±0.81b | 49.49±0.58c |
| 8 h | 55.29±1.07a | 48.41±0.51c | 52.31±1.03b | 50.74±0.86b |
| 16 h | 60.34±0.51a | 51.88±0.95c | 55.55±1.24b | 53.76±0.63bc |
| 24 h | 62.60±0.68a | 53.68±0.75c | 57.84±0.58b | 55.15±0.37c |
| 48 h | 67.82±0.55a | 63.91±0.37c | 66.41±0.66b | 64.55±0.66bc |
| 72 h | 77.43±0.51a | 71.89±1.14b | 77.27±0.32a | 73.14±0.71b |
| 线性P值 P-value of linear | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 降解参数 Degradation parameters | ||||
| a/% | 51.03 | 44.19 | 47.81 | 46.04 |
| b/% | 27.81 | 31.62 | 32.70 | 30.15 |
| c/h-1 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| ED/% | 64.55 | 58.35 | 62.28 | 59.74 |
a:快速降解部分;b:慢速降解部分;c:慢速降解部分的降解速率;ED:有效降解率。下表同。 | |
a: rapid degradation fraction; b: slow degradation fraction; c: degradation rate of slow degradation fraction; ED: effective degradability. The same as below. |
2.3.2 CP消失率及降解参数
表5 4种全株高粱青贮体外发酵CP消失率及降解参数Table 5 CP disappearance rate and degradation parameters of 4 varieties of whole plant sorghum silage after in vitro fermentation |
| 项目 Items | 晋糯3号 Jinnuo No. 3 | 辽甜1号 Liaotian No. 1 | 晋杂2001 Jinza 2001 | 晋杂1531 Jinza 1531 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 消失率 Disappearance rate/% | ||||
| 4 h | 58.14±0.74b | 72.76±0.25a | 54.23±0.97c | 54.12±0.45c |
| 8 h | 58.71±1.00b | 72.90±0.37a | 54.63±1.03c | 54.44±0.86c |
| 16 h | 60.86±0.80b | 74.20±0.51a | 55.14±1.24c | 56.05±0.68c |
| 24 h | 61.66±0.86b | 74.89±0.37a | 55.86±0.86c | 56.48±0.49c |
| 48 h | 64.01±0.49b | 77.88±2.76a | 61.30±0.66b | 61.36±0.81b |
| 72 h | 72.77±0.49b | 79.56±0.37a | 68.48±0.51c | 67.86±0.71c |
| 线性P值 P-value of linear | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 降解参数 Degradation parameters | ||||
| a/% | 55.76 | 69.15 | 51.88 | 52.00 |
| b/% | 17.16 | 10.53 | 19.05 | 19.76 |
| c/h-1 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| ED/% | 63.63 | 75.65 | 59.48 | 59.51 |
2.3.3 NDF消失率及降解参数
表6 4种全株高粱青贮体外发酵NDF消失率及降解参数Table 6 NDF disappearance rate and degradation parameters of 4 varieties of whole plant sorghum silage after in vitro fermentation |
| 项目 Items | 晋糯3号 Jinnuo No. 3 | 辽甜1号 Liaotian No. 1 | 晋杂2001 Jinza 2001 | 晋杂1531 Jinza 1531 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 消失率 Disappearance rate/% | ||||
| 4 h | 24.43±1.46a | 19.22±1.38b | 23.23±1.11a | 17.63±0.74b |
| 8 h | 26.12±1.63a | 19.55±0.71b | 24.38±1.77a | 19.42±1.43b |
| 16 h | 33.48±0.81a | 25.84±0.58b | 27.82±1.36b | 19.62±0.99c |
| 24 h | 33.95±1.03a | 26.79±0.97b | 29.14±1.24b | 21.32±0.37c |
| 48 h | 36.80±0.75b | 41.36±0.58a | 37.16±1.20b | 34.92±1.38b |
| 72 h | 50.66±1.03b | 57.28±0.89a | 51.97±0.49b | 46.67±1.20c |
| 线性P值 P-value of linear | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 降解参数 Degradation parameters | ||||
| a/% | 22.28 | 13.77 | 19.63 | 13.35 |
| b/% | 56.21 | 69.91 | 52.16 | 59.01 |
| c/h-1 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| ED/% | 36.76 | 35.61 | 35.16 | 29.78 |
2.3.4 ADF消失率及降解参数
表7 4种全株高粱青贮体外发酵ADF消失率及降解参数Table 7 ADF disappearance rate and degradation parameters of 4 varieties of whole plant sorghum silage after in vitro fermentation |
| 项目 Items | 晋糯3号 Jinnuo No. 3 | 辽甜1号 Liaotian No. 1 | 晋杂2001 Jinza 2001 | 晋杂1531 Jinza 1531 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 消失率 Disappearance rate/% | ||||
| 4 h | 24.79±1.30a | 21.04±1.57b | 25.43±1.50a | 22.84±0.80b |
| 8 h | 27.59±1.70a | 22.28±0.70c | 27.04±1.76a | 25.07±1.53b |
| 16 h | 33.31±0.60a | 26.76±1.46b | 31.69±1.59a | 29.06±0.92ab |
| 24 h | 34.11±1.16a | 27.83±0.92b | 33.03±1.07a | 30.15±0.41b |
| 48 h | 36.32±0.86c | 44.18±0.75a | 40.35±0.93b | 38.89±1.36bc |
| 72 h | 51.02±1.14b | 58.02±0.70a | 54.02±0.75b | 50.74±1.21b |
| 线性P值 P-value of linear | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 降解参数 Degradation parameters | ||||
| a/% | 21.40 | 16.55 | 21.46 | 19.37 |
| b/% | 29.13 | 49.42 | 34.68 | 33.90 |
| c/h-1 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| ED/% | 35.49 | 36.57 | 37.23 | 34.76 |

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