1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
1.3 基础饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 60.5 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 29.0 | ||
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 6.8 | ||
| 石粉Limestone | 1.0 | ||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.3 | ||
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.1 | ||
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.3 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.0 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.0 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.49 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 18.75 | ||
| 粗纤维CF | 3.32 | ||
| 钙Ca | 0.80 | ||
| 总磷TP | 0.63 | ||
| 有效磷AP | 0.32 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.40 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.97 |
1)每千克预混料含有 One kilogram of the premix contained the following:VA 1 250 000 IU,VB1 200 mg,VB2 750 mg,VB6 375 mg,VB12 2.25 mg,VD3 375 000 IU,VE 2 500 mg,VK3 200 mg,D-生物素 D-biotin 15 mg,叶酸 folic acid 125 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 1 125 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinamide 3 250 mg,胆碱 choline 50 g,植酸酶 phytase 300 000 U,Cu (as copper sulfate) 0.95 g,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 9.5 g,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 9.5 g,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 9 g,I (as calcium iodate) 57.5 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 40 mg。 | |
2)粗蛋白质、粗纤维、蛋氨酸和赖氨酸为实测值,其余为计算值。CP, CF, Met and Lys were measured values, while the others were calculated values. |
1.4 饲养管理
1.5 检测指标及方法
1.5.1 肠道通透性
1.5.2 回肠损伤评分
1.5.3 回肠黏膜MUC2含量
1.6 透射电镜观察
1.6.1 样品采集
1.6.2 制片步骤
1.7 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 饲粮中添加不同水平双歧杆菌对LPS应激雏鹅肠道通透性的影响
表2 饲粮中添加不同水平双歧杆菌对LPS应激雏鹅肠道通透性的影响Table 2 Effects of different dietary levels of Bifidobacterium on intestinal permeability of goslings under LPS stress |
| 项目 Items | 21日龄21 days of age | 28日龄28 days of age | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 二胺氧化酶 DAO/ (U/mL) | D-乳酸 D-LA/ (μmol/mL) | 二胺氧化酶 DAO/ (U/mL) | D-乳酸 D-LA/ (μmol/mL) | |||
| 组别Groups | A | 21.42b | 46.35b | 20.83b | 49.10c | |
| B | 15.83a | 46.01b | 14.35a | 42.49b | ||
| C | 16.22a | 39.88a | 15.46a | 35.17a | ||
| D | 28.05d | 62.83d | 31.16c | 66.80e | ||
| E | 24.64c | 55.50c | 23.40b | 55.21d | ||
| F | 25.34cd | 53.87c | 21.40b | 53.73cd | ||
| 均值标准误SEM | 0.88 | 1.48 | 1.04 | 1.85 | ||
脂多糖 LPS | - | 17.83a | 44.08a | 16.88a | 42.25a | |
| + | 26.01b | 57.40b | 25.32b | 58.58b | ||
| 双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium/(mg/kg) | 0 | 24.74b | 54.59b | 26.00b | 57.95c | |
| 300 | 20.24a | 50.76ab | 18.88a | 48.85b | ||
| 600 | 20.78a | 46.87a | 18.43a | 44.45a | ||
| P值 P-value | 脂多糖LPS | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 双歧杆菌Bifidobacterium | <0.001 | 0.003 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| 互作效应Interaction | 0.462 | 0.230 | 0.176 | 0.307 | ||
-:注射生理盐水;+:注射LPS;0:不添加双歧杆菌冻干粉;300:添加300 mg/kg双歧杆菌冻干粉;600:添加600 mg/kg双歧杆菌冻干粉。同列中同一种主效应间数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
-: saline injection; +: LPS injection; 0: without adding Bifidobacterium lyophilized powder; 300: add 300 mg/kg Bifidobacterium lyophilized powder; 600: add 600 mg/kg Bifidobacterium lyophilized powder. In the same column between the same main effect, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮中添加不同水平双歧杆菌对LPS应激雏鹅回肠损伤评分和MUC2含量的影响
表3 饲粮中添加不同水平双歧杆菌对LPS应激雏鹅回肠损伤评分和MUC2含量的影响Table 3 Effects of different dietary levels of Bifidobacterium on ileum injury score and MUC2 content of goslings under LPS stress |
| 项目 Items | 21日龄21 days of age | 28日龄28 days of age | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 损伤评分 Injury score | 黏蛋白2 MUC2/ (pg/mg prot) | 损伤评分 Injury score | 黏蛋白2 MUC2/ (pg/mg prot) | |||
| 组别 Groups | A | 1.50a | 111.30a | 2.83a | 148.87c | |
| B | 1.33a | 121.82ab | 2.00a | 148.42c | ||
| C | 1.33a | 118.76ab | 2.17a | 168.01d | ||
| D | 3.50b | 123.70ab | 4.00b | 81.19a | ||
| E | 2.67ab | 149.05bc | 2.33a | 78.23a | ||
| F | 2.83ab | 175.47c | 2.50a | 127.03b | ||
| 均值标准误SEM | 0.23 | 5.74 | 0.18 | 6.16 | ||
脂多糖 LPS | - | 1.39a | 117.29a | 2.33 | 155.10b | |
| + | 3.00b | 149.41b | 2.94 | 95.48a | ||
| 双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium/(mg/kg) | 0 | 2.50 | 117.50a | 3.42b | 115.03a | |
| 300 | 2.00 | 135.43ab | 2.17a | 113.32a | ||
| 600 | 2.08 | 147.12b | 2.33a | 147.52b | ||
| P值 P-value | 脂多糖LPS | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.060 | <0.001 | |
| 双歧杆菌Bifidobacterium | 0.530 | 0.048 | 0.005 | <0.001 | ||
| 互作效应Interaction | 0.764 | 0.164 | 0.465 | 0.020 | ||
2.3 透射电镜观察饲粮中添加不同水平双歧杆菌对LPS应激雏鹅回肠上皮细胞的影响
图1 透射电镜下21日龄时A组雏鹅回肠上皮细胞N:细胞核 nucleus;M:线粒体 mitochondria;RER:粗面内质网 rough endoplasmic reticulum;Mv:微绒毛 microvillus;TJ:紧密连接 tight junction;ZA:中间连接 zonula adherens;ASS:自噬溶酶体 autolysosome;Go:高尔基体 Golgi apparatus;Ly:溶酶体 lysosome;De:桥粒 desmosome;AP:自噬小体 autophagosome;Nu:核仁 nucleolus。下图同 the same as below。 Fig.1 Ileal epithelial cells of goslings in group A at 21 days of age under transmission electron microscope |

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