1 材料与方法
1.1 盲肠液的采集
1.2 试验设计
表1 各组粗饲料组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels on roughage in each group (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |
| 原料Ingredients | ||||
| 谷草Millet straw | 60 | 48 | 48 | 48 |
| 玉米秸秆Corn straw | 40 | 32 | 32 | 32 |
| 苜蓿草Alfalfa | 20 | |||
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 20 | |||
| 羊草Leymus chinensis | 20 | |||
| 合计Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels | ||||
| 总能GE/(MJ/kg) | 17.00 | 17.08 | 17.24 | 17.26 |
| 干物质DM | 96.22 | 96.35 | 95.91 | 95.98 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 11.29 | 12.38 | 11.67 | 11.87 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 4.44 | 6.01 | 4.52 | 4.57 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 66.23 | 62.48 | 60.38 | 65.62 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 35.32 | 34.65 | 31.60 | 34.02 |
营养水平均为测定值。 | |
Nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.3 溶液配制
1.4 测定指标与方法
1.4.1 胃-小肠营养物质体外降解率
(m1x1-m2x2)/m1x1。
1.4.2 胃-小肠-盲肠营养物质体外降解率(GICD)
1.4.3 各粗饲料组合在胃-小肠(盲肠前)的营养物质体外降解贡献率
1.4.4 盲肠体外发酵指标与产气量
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 不同粗饲料组合对驴体外营养物质降解率的影响
2.1.1 胃-小肠营养物质体外降解率
表2 不同粗饲料组合的胃-小肠营养物质体外降解率Table 2 In vitro degradation rates of different roughage combinations in stomach-small intestine % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
| 干物质DM | 31.31c | 36.12b | 37.44a | 32.56c | 0.004 | <0.001 |
| 有机物OM | 28.08d | 33.12b | 35.80a | 29.65c | 0.003 | <0.001 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 68.09b | 80.27a | 76.64ab | 73.85ab | 0.065 | 0.024 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
Values within the same row with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.1.2 GICD与DE
表3 不同粗饲料组合的消化能与胃-小肠-盲肠营养物质体外降解率Table 3 Digestible energy and nutrient in vitro degradation rates of different roughage combinations in stomach-small intestine-caecum |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 8.26b | 8.63ab | 9.04a | 8.56ab | 0.128 | 0.012 |
| 干物质DM/% | 48.56b | 50.51ab | 52.42a | 49.58ab | 0.008 | 0.032 |
| 有机物OM/% | 45.95b | 48.62a | 50.14a | 48.21ab | 0.006 | 0.031 |
| 粗蛋白质CP/% | 74.70b | 84.28a | 77.27b | 75.71b | 0.009 | <0.001 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF/% | 28.51b | 33.79a | 31.69a | 33.00a | 0.005 | 0.021 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF/% | 24.07c | 30.12a | 26.27bc | 28.27ab | 0.005 | 0.025 |
| 半纤维素HCL/% | 36.48 | 38.34 | 36.69 | 36.94 | 0.017 | 0.895 |
2.1.3 不同粗饲料组合在胃-小肠(盲肠前)的营养物质体外降解贡献率
表4 不同粗饲料组合的胃-小肠(盲肠前)营养物质体外降解贡献率Table 4 Nutrinet in vitro degradation rates of different roughage combinations in stomach-small intestine (prececum) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
| 干物质DM | 66.49b | 71.49a | 71.44a | 64.93b | 0.011 | 0.005 |
| 有机物OM | 63.03b | 67.91a | 71.65a | 61.46b | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 87.13b | 96.08a | 94.38a | 96.54a | 0.010 | 0.023 |
2.2 不同粗饲料组合对驴盲肠体外发酵功能的影响
2.2.1 体外盲肠液pH、NH3-N和BCP浓度
表5 不同粗饲料组合对盲肠体外发酵指标的影响Table 5 Effects of different roughage combinations on cecum fermentation indexes in vitro |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
| pH | 6.41 | 6.38 | 6.39 | 6.40 | 0.014 | 0.609 |
| 氨态氮NH3-N/(mg/dL) | 10.76 | 10.60 | 10.36 | 10.40 | 0.171 | 0.445 |
| 菌体蛋白BCP/(mg/dL) | 1.23 | 1.42 | 1.32 | 1.33 | 0.029 | 0.091 |
| 乙酸Acetic acid/(mmol/L) | 39.55 | 41.44 | 43.22 | 41.67 | 0.972 | 0.170 |
| 丙酸Propionic acid/(mmol/L) | 18.12 | 18.35 | 20.00 | 19.36 | 0.417 | 0.051 |
| 异丁酸Butyric acid/(mmol/L) | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.009 | 0.234 |
| 丁酸Isobutyric acid/(mmol/L) | 4.61b | 4.69b | 5.03a | 5.00a | 0.075 | 0.007 |
| 异戊酸Isovaleric acid/(mmol/L) | 0.45b | 0.46ab | 0.50a | 0.50a | 0.011 | 0.021 |
| 戊酸Valeric acid/(mmol/L) | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.008 | 0.064 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFA/(mmol/L) | 63.42 | 67.12 | 70.02 | 67.29 | 1.362 | 0.075 |
| 乙酸/丙酸Acetic acid/propionic acid | 2.19b | 2.26a | 2.19b | 2.15b | 0.016 | 0.008 |
2.2.2 盲肠体外发酵产气量
表6 不同粗饲料组合对盲肠体外发酵产气量的影响Table 6 Effects of different roughage combinations on gas production of cecal fermentation in vitro mL |
| 时间 Time/h | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
| 3 | 6.93 | 8.20 | 7.14 | 7.58 | 0.302 | 0.061 |
| 6 | 17.19 | 20.01 | 18.66 | 18.85 | 0.715 | 0.124 |
| 9 | 23.27 | 25.66 | 27.17 | 26.51 | 1.028 | 0.151 |
| 12 | 25.86 | 28.06 | 30.57 | 29.57 | 1.187 | 0.121 |
| 24 | 28.04 | 31.58 | 35.47 | 34.06 | 1.647 | 0.096 |
| 48 | 28.95 | 32.19 | 37.32 | 35.47 | 1.834 | 0.080 |
2.2.3 盲肠体外发酵指标组合效应
表7 不同粗饲料组合的SFAEI与MFAEITable 7 SFAEI and MFAEI of different roughage combinations |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |
| 菌体蛋白BCP | 0 | 0.133 | 0.065 | 0.074 |
| 氨态氮NH3-N | 0 | -0.015 | -0.038 | -0.034 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFA | 0 | 0.055 | 0.094 | 0.058 |
| 产气量Gas production | 0 | 0.106 | 0.167 | 0.143 |
| 多项组合效应值MFAEI | 0 | 0.280 | 0.287 | 0.241 |

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